Editing New Jersey (section)

===20th century===
{{Main|New Jersey in the 20th century}}
New Jersey prospered through the [[Roaring Twenties]]. The first [[Miss America Pageant]] was held in 1921 in [[Atlantic City]]; the [[Holland Tunnel]] connecting [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] to [[Manhattan]] opened in 1927; and the first [[drive-in movie]] was shown in 1933 in [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]. During the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, the state offered begging licenses to unemployed residents,<ref>Gerdes, Louise I. ''The 1930s'', Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000.</ref> the zeppelin airship [[Hindenburg disaster|Hindenburg]] crashed in flames over [[Lakehurst, New Jersey|Lakehurst]], and the [[SS Morro Castle (1930)|SS ''Morro Castle'']] beached itself near [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] after going up in flames while at sea.

Through both [[World War]]s, New Jersey was a center for war production, especially naval construction. The [[Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company]] yards in Kearny and Newark and the [[New York Shipbuilding Corporation]] yard in Camden produced [[aircraft carrier]]s, battleships, cruisers, and destroyers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newyorkship.org/history/|title=History|date=March 23, 2016|website=New York Shipbuilding Corporation|access-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406193652/https://newyorkship.org/history/|archive-date=April 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> New Jersey manufactured 6.8 percent of total United States military armaments produced during [[World War II]], ranking fifth among the 48 states.<ref>[[Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)|Peck, Merton J.]] & [[Frederic M. Scherer|Scherer, Frederic M.]] ''The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis'' (1962) [[Harvard Business School]] p.111</ref> In addition, [[Fort Dix, New Jersey|Fort Dix]] (1917) (originally called "Camp Dix"),<ref name="dixhist">{{cite web |url=http://www.dix.army.mil/history/history.html |at=¶1 |title=Fort Dix History |publisher=U.S. Support Activity—Fort Dix |access-date=January 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227024450/http://www.dix.army.mil/history/history.html |archive-date=December 27, 2013 }}</ref> [[Camp Merritt (New Jersey)|Camp Merritt]] (1917),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/camp_merritt.htm|title=Camp Merritt|publisher=Freepages.military.rootsweb.com|access-date=July 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704180947/http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~cacunithistories/camp_merritt.htm|archive-date=July 4, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Camp Kilmer]] (1941){{citation needed|date=December 2022}} were all constructed to house and train American soldiers through both World Wars. New Jersey also became a principal location for defense in the [[Cold War]]. Fourteen [[Project Nike|Nike missile]] stations were constructed for the defense of the New York City and [[Philadelphia]] areas. ''[[Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109|PT-109]]'', a motor torpedo boat commanded by Lt. (j.g.) [[John F. Kennedy]] in World War II, was built at the Elco Boatworks in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]]. The aircraft carrier [[USS Enterprise (CV-6)|USS ''Enterprise'' (CV-6)]] was briefly docked at the Military Ocean Terminal in Bayonne in the 1950s before she was sent to Kearney to be scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cv6.org/1946/scrap/default.htm|title=CV6.org|publisher=CV6.org|access-date=July 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920184145/http://cv6.org/1946/scrap/default.htm|archive-date=September 20, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1962, the world's first nuclear-powered cargo ship, the [[NS Savannah]], was launched at Camden.

In 1951, the [[New Jersey Turnpike]] opened, facilitating efficient travel by car and truck between [[North Jersey]] and [[New York metropolitan area|metropolitan New York]], and [[South Jersey]] and [[Delaware Valley|metropolitan Philadelphia]].<ref>[https://www.njta.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115041611/https://www.njta.com/|date=January 15, 2022}} Accessed September 23, 2021.</ref> Subsequently, in 1957, the [[Garden State Parkway]] was completed, serving as a diagonal counterpart to the Turnpike, and opening up highway travel along New Jersey's coastal flank between [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]] in the northeast and the [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] [[Cape May peninsula|peninsula]] at the southeastern tip of New Jersey; in doing so, the [[Jersey Shore]] became readily accessible to millions of residents in the New York metropolitan area. In 1959, Air Defense Command deployed the [[CIM-10 Bomarc]] [[surface-to-air missile]] to [[McGuire Air Force Base]]. On June 7, 1960, an [[BOMARC Missile Accident Site|explosion]] in a CIM-10 Bomarc missile fuel tank caused an accident and subsequent plutonium contamination.<ref>{{cite news |title=Check out the abandoned New Jersey military base where a nuclear missile exploded in 1960 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/bomarc-nuclear-missile-explosion-mcguire-afb-fort-dix-1960-2017-3 |work=Business Insider |date=March 23, 2017 |access-date=September 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903103416/https://www.businessinsider.com/bomarc-nuclear-missile-explosion-mcguire-afb-fort-dix-1960-2017-3 |archive-date=September 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 1960s, [[race riot]]s erupted in many of the industrial cities of [[North Jersey]]. The first race riots in New Jersey occurred in Jersey City on August 2, 1964. Several others ensued in 1967, in [[1967 Newark riots|Newark]] and [[1967 Plainfield riots|Plainfield]]. [[King assassination riots|Other riots]] followed the [[assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.]] in April 1968, just as in the rest of the country. A [[Camden Riot of 1971|riot]] occurred in [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] in 1971. As a result of an order from the [[New Jersey Supreme Court]] to fund schools equitably, the New Jersey legislature passed an income tax bill in 1976. Prior to this bill, the state had no income tax.<ref name="tws29decf3354">{{cite web | title=Mission & History | publisher=Education Law Center | date=December 29, 2009 | url=http://www.edlawcenter.org/about/mission-history.html | access-date=January 4, 2014 | at=History, ¶3 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212737/http://www.edlawcenter.org/about/mission-history.html | archive-date=January 4, 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>