Editing New Haven, Connecticut (section)

=== Timeline of notable firsts ===
{{see also|Yale – New Haven Hospital#Milestones in medicine}}
*1638: New Haven becomes the first planned city in America.
*1776: Yale student David Bushnell invents the first American [[submarine]].
*1787: [[John Fitch (inventor)|John Fitch]] builds the first [[steamboat]].
*1836: [[Samuel Colt]] invents the [[automatic revolver]] in Whitney's [[Eli Whitney Museum|factory]].
*1839: [[Charles Goodyear]] of New Haven discovers the process of [[vulcanizing]] rubber in [[Woburn, Massachusetts]], and later perfects it and patents the process in nearby [[Springfield, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.techcorr.com/about/Clients/index.cfm |title=TechCorr's Clients Top 100 |publisher=Techcorr.com |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628082927/http://www.techcorr.com/about/Clients/index.cfm |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1860: Philios P. Blake patents the first corkscrew.
*1877: New Haven hosts the first [[Bell System|Bell]] [[PSTN]] (telephone) switch office.
*1878–1880: The District Telephone Company of New Haven creates the world's first [[telephone exchange]] and the first [[telephone directory]] and installs the first public phone. The company expanded and became the Connecticut Telephone Company, then the [[Southern New England Telephone Company]] (now part of [[AT&T Inc.|AT&T]]).<ref name="NPSTele">{{cite web |last1=National Park Services |title=Site of the First Telephone Exchange |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/site-of-the-first-telephone-exchange.htm |website=National Park Services |access-date=October 28, 2021 |archive-date=October 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028094111/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalhistoriclandmarks/site-of-the-first-telephone-exchange.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1882: The [[Knights of Columbus]] are founded in New Haven. The city still serves as the world [[Knights of Columbus Building (New Haven, Connecticut)|headquarters]] of the organization, which maintains a museum downtown.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kofc.org/un/en/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165402/http://www.kofc.org/un/eb/en/anniversary/historical/index4.html |url-status=dead |title=Knights of Columbus Home |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |website=Kofc.org }}</ref>
*1892: Local confectioner George C. Smith of the Bradley Smith Candy Co. invents the first [[lollipop]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conntact.com/archive_index/archive_pages/1632_Business_New_Haven.html |title=UNH Workshop Aims To Toughen Firms |website=Conntact.com |access-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201150357/http://www.conntact.com/archive_index/archive_pages/1632_Business_New_Haven.html |archive-date=February 1, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Late 19th century-early 20th century: The first public tree planting program takes place in New Haven, at the urging of native [[James Hillhouse]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newhavenindependent.org/archives/2009/05/elm_city_to_ree.php |title=They're Putting The "Elm" Back In "Elm City" |publisher=New Haven Independent |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=July 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710234844/http://newhavenindependent.org/archives/2009/05/elm_city_to_ree.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1900: Louis Lassen, owner of [[Louis' Lunch]], is credited with inventing the [[hamburger]], as well as the [[steak sandwich]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/CT/200002814.html |title=Connecticut: Louis' Lunch (Local Legacies: Celebrating Community Roots – Library of Congress) |publisher=Lcweb2.loc.gov |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=June 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630052938/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/legacies/CT/200002814.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1911: The [[Erector Set]], the popular and culturally important construction toy, is invented in New Haven by [[Alfred Carlton Gilbert|A.C. Gilbert]]. It was manufactured by the A. C. Gilbert Company at [[Erector Square]] from 1913 until the company's bankruptcy in 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eliwhitney.org/new/museum/-gilbert-project/-man/a-c-gilbert-scientific-toymaker-essays-arts-and-sciences-october-6 |title=The Demise of The A. C. Gilbert Company &#124; The Eli Whitney Museum and Workshop |publisher=Eliwhitney.org |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513092824/http://www.eliwhitney.org/new/museum/-gilbert-project/-man/a-c-gilbert-scientific-toymaker-essays-arts-and-sciences-october-6 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*1920: In competition with competing explanations, the [[Frisbee]] is said to have originated on the Yale campus, based on the tin pans of the [[Frisbie Pie Company]] which were tossed around by students on the [[New Haven Green]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/features/2007/11/05/local-pie-tin-first-frisbee-legend-holds/ |title=Local pie tin first Frisbee, legend holds |publisher=Yale Daily News |date=November 5, 2007 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413134840/http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/features/2007/11/05/local-pie-tin-first-frisbee-legend-holds/ |archive-date=April 13, 2010 }}</ref>
*1977: The first memorial to victims of [[the Holocaust]] on public land in America<ref name="ashes">{{cite web |url=http://www.newhavenindependent.org/archives/2007/05/post_324.php |title=The Ashes of Memory, Revealed |date=May 8, 2007 |access-date=March 30, 2008 |work=New Haven Independent |archive-date=October 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016165650/http://newhavenindependent.org/archives/2007/05/post_324.php |url-status=live }}</ref> stands in New Haven's [[Edgewood Park, New Haven|Edgewood Park]] at the corner of Whalley and West Park avenues. It was built with funds collected from the community<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.yale.edu/nhohp/content/the-collection/featured-interview/shifre-zamkov-on-the-new-haven-holocaust-memorial |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015031038/http://research.yale.edu/nhohp/content/the-collection/featured-interview/shifre-zamkov-on-the-new-haven-holocaust-memorial |url-status=dead |title=Shifre Zamkov on the New Haven Holocaust Memorial |archive-date=October 15, 2009 }}</ref> and is maintained by Greater New Haven Holocaust Memory, Inc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gnhhm.org/ |title=Greater New Haven Holocaust Memory, Inc |publisher=Gnhhm.org |access-date=July 23, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628022710/http://www.gnhhm.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ashes of victims killed and [[cremation|cremated]] at [[Auschwitz]] are buried under the memorial.<ref name="ashes" />