Editing Neon (section)

==Production==
Neon is produced from air in [[cryogenic]] [[air separation|air-separation]] plants. A gas-phase mixture mainly of nitrogen, neon, helium, and hydrogen<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |title=Neon {{!}} Definition, Uses, Melting Point, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/neon-chemical-element |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> is withdrawn from the main condenser at the top of the high-pressure air-separation column and fed to the bottom of a side column for [[Distillation|rectification]] of the neon.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Shreve, R. Norris |author2=Brink, Joseph |title=Chemical Process Industries|date=1977|isbn=0-07-057145-7|page=113|publisher=McGraw-Hill |edition=4th}}</ref> It can then be further purified from helium by bringing it into contact with activated charcoal. Hydrogen is purified from the neon by adding oxygen so water is formed and is condensed.<ref name="Britannica" /> One pound of pure neon can be produced from the processing of 88,000 pounds of the gas-phase mixture.<ref name="Britannica" />

Before the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 escalation of the war with Russia]] about 70% of the global neon supply was produced in [[Ukraine]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Explained: Why the Russia-Ukraine crisis may lead to a shortage in semiconductors|author=Mukul, Pranav | date= 29 March 2022|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/in-depth/explained-why-the-russia-ukraine-crisis-may-lead-to-a-shortage-in-semiconductors/ar-AAUZRlP |work=MSN |publisher=[[The Indian Express]] }}</ref> as a by-product of steel production in [[Russia]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alper |first=Alexandra |date=11 March 2022 |title=Exclusive: Russia's attack on Ukraine halts half of world's neon output for chips |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-ukraine-halts-half-worlds-neon-output-chips-clouding-outlook-2022-03-11/ |access-date=16 March 2022}}</ref> {{As of|2020}}, the company [[Iceblick]], with plants in [[Odesa]] and [[Moscow]], supplies 65% of the world's production of neon, as well as 15% of the [[krypton]] and [[xenon]].<ref name=Newshour>{{cite web |title=Rare Gasses Supplier Known for Innovation |url=https://the-european-times.com/iceblick/ |website=The European Times |date=2020}}</ref><ref name="2022-02-25_Reuters"/>

=== 2022 shortage ===
Global neon prices jumped by about 600% after the [[2014 Russian annexation of Crimea]],<ref name="arstechnica" /> spurring some chip manufacturers to start shifting away from Russian and Ukrainian suppliers<ref name="cnbc">{{cite news |title=Chipmakers see limited impact for now, as Russia invades Ukraine |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/24/chipmakers-see-limited-impact-russia-invasion-ukraine.html |work=CNBC |date=24 February 2022 }}</ref> and toward suppliers in [[China]].<ref name="2022-02-25_Reuters" /> The [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] also shut down two companies in Ukraine that produced about half of the global supply: Cryoin Engineering ({{Langx|uk|Кріоін Інжинірінг}}) and Inhaz ({{Langx|uk|ІНГАЗ}}), located in [[Odesa]] and [[Mariupol]], respectively.<ref name="arstechnica">{{cite news |last1=Times |first1=Financial |title=Low on gas: Ukraine invasion chokes supply of neon needed for chipmaking |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/low-on-gas-ukraine-invasion-chokes-supply-of-neon-needed-for-chipmaking/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=Ars Technica |date=4 March 2022 }}</ref> The closure was predicted to exacerbate the [[2020–present global chip shortage|COVID-19 chip shortage]],<ref name="2022-02-25_Reuters">[https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/ukraine-war-flashes-neon-warning-lights-chips-2022-02-24/ Ukraine war flashes neon warning lights for chips], [[Reuters]], 25 February 2022</ref><ref name="Newshour" /> which may further shift neon production to China.<ref name="cnbc" />