Editing Navarre (section)

==== Loss of home rule ====

After the 1839 [[Convention of Vergara|Convention of Bergara]], [http://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Ley_de_Confirmaci%C3%B3n_de_Fueros a reduced version of home rule (''fueros'')] was passed in 1839. However, the 1841 [https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Ley_de_Modificaci%C3%B3n_de_fueros_de_Navarra_de_16_de_agosto_de_1841 Act for the Modification of Fueros] (later called the "Compromise Act", ''Ley Paccionada'') definitely made the kingdom into a province after a compromise was reached by the Spanish government with officials of the Provincial Council of Navarre. The relocation of customs from the Ebro river to the Pyrenees in 1841 prompted the collapse of Navarre's customary cross-Pyrenean trade and the rise of smuggling.

Amid instability in Spain, Carlists took over in [[Southern Basque Country|Navarre and the rest of the Basque provinces]]. An actual Basque state was established during the [[Third Carlist War]] with [[Estella-Lizarra|Estella]] as its capital (1872 – 1876), but King [[Alfonso XII of Spain|Alfonso XII]]'s restoration in the throne of Spain and a counter-attack prompted the Carlist defeat. The end of the [[Third Carlist War]] saw [[End of Basque home rule in Spain|a renewed wave of Spanish centralisation]] directly affecting Navarre.

In 1893 – 1894 the ''[[Gamazada]]'' popular uprising took place centred in Pamplona against Madrid's governmental decisions breaching the 1841 chartered provisions. Except for a small faction (the so-called ''Alfonsinos''), all parties in Navarre agreed on the need for a new political framework based on home rule within the ''[[Laurak Bat]]'', the Basque districts in Spain. Among these, the [[Navarrese electoral Carlism (Restoration)|Carlists stood out]], who politically dominated the province, and resented an increased string of rulings and laws passed by Madrid, as well as left leaning influences. Unlike Biscay or Gipuzkoa, Navarre did not develop manufacturing during this period, remaining a basically rural economy.