Editing Nationality (section)

== Nationality in context ==
[[United States nationality law]] defines some persons born in some of the US outlying possessions as US nationals but not citizens. [[British nationality law]] defines six classes of British national, among which "British citizen" is one class (having the [[right of abode]] in the United Kingdom, along with some "[[British subject]]s"). Similarly, in the [[Republic of China]], commonly known as [[Taiwan]], the status of [[national without household registration]] applies to people who have the [[Republic of China nationality law|Republic of China nationality]], but do not have an automatic entitlement to enter or reside in the [[Taiwan Area]], and do not qualify for civic rights and duties there. Under the nationality laws of [[Mexican nationality law|Mexico]], [[Colombian nationality law|Colombia]], and some other Latin American countries, nationals do not become citizens until they turn the age of majority.

List of nationalities which do not have full citizenship rights
{|class=wikitable
 ! Country !! Form of nationality !! Description
 |-
 | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] || [[British nationality law|All forms of British nationalities except British Citizen]] || Among the 6 forms of British nationality, only British Citizens have the automatic right of abode in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Isle of Man]] and [[Channel Islands]], all the others do not have an automatic right to enter and live in the UK at all. Although the status of a [[British Overseas Territories citizen]] (BOTC) is derived from a connection of an overseas territory, it does not guarantee ''belonger status'' in that territory (which confers citizenship rights) as it is defined by the law of the territory itself which may be different from the British nationality law.<ref>{{cite BAILII |litigants=The Queen v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte: Manjit Kaur |court=EUECJ |year=2001 |num=C19299 |eucase=C-192/99 |courtname=auto }} for a case in [[Bermuda]]</ref>
 |-
 | {{flagicon|Latvia}} [[Latvia]] || [[Non-citizens (Latvia)]] || This is the status conferred to people who were legal residents in [[Latvia]] upon restoring independence, but not eligible for Latvian citizenship—mainly ethnic Russians who migrated during the Soviet occupation period.
 |-
 | {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] || [[Estonian nationality law#Undefined citizenship|Undefined citizenship]] || This is the term used to denote the legal residents in [[Estonia]] upon restoring independence who are not eligible for Estonian citizenship—mainly ethnic Russians who migrated during the Soviet occupation period.
 |-
 | {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taiwan]] (Republic of China) || [[National without household registration]] || Rights in [[Taiwan]] are granted by both having the nationality and a household registration there. Without a household registration a person does not have automatic right to enter or live in Taiwan. These are mainly overseas ethnic Chinese who have right to the Republic of China nationality under the nationality law.
 |-
 | {{flagicon|China}} [[China]] || Chinese nationals migrated to one of the [[Special administrative regions of China|SARs]] using [[People's Republic of China Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao|one-way permit]] but before taking up permanent residence || These people, although technically Chinese nationals, are unable to vote or apply for a passport anywhere because rights in mainland China are associated with [[household registration]] which is relinquished upon migration, but rights in the SARs (e.g. right to vote and right to hold a passport) are given to ''permanent residents'' which is only eligible after 7 years of continuous residence. (They are eligible for applying [[Hong Kong Document of Identity for Visa Purposes]] or [[Macao Special Administrative Region Travel Permit]] as travel documents.)
 |-
 | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]] || [[United States nationality law#Nationals|US nationals who are not US citizens]] || These people, mainly American Samoan, have the right to enter, work, and live in the United States as permanent residents but do not have the same [[Voting rights in the United States|voting rights]] as citizens and are barred from holding certain public offices that are restricted to citizens only. 
 |-
 | {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Uruguay]] || [[Uruguayan nationality law|"Nationals" and "non-national citizens"]] || Certain interpretation of the Constitution of Uruguay leads to the belief that the language of the Constitution divides citizens into "nationals" and "non-national citizens".
|}

Even if the nationality law classifies people with the same nationality on paper (''de jure''), the right conferred can be different according to the place of birth or residence, creating different ''de facto'' classes of nationality, sometimes with different passports as well. For example, although [[Chinese nationality law]] operates uniformly in [[China]], including [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] SARs, with all Chinese nationals classified the same under the nationality law, in reality local laws, in mainland and also in the SARs, govern the right of Chinese nationals in their respective territories which give vastly different rights, including different passports, to Chinese nationals according to their birthplace or residence place, effectively making a distinction between Chinese national of mainland China, Hong Kong or Macau, both domestically and internationally. The United Kingdom had a similar distinction as well before 1983, where all nationals with a connection to the UK or one of the colonies were classified as ''Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies'', but their rights were different depending on the connection under different laws, which was formalised into different classes of nationalities under the [[British Nationality Act 1981]].