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=== Modern era === [[File:Шушинский Ханский Дворец Дочери Хана.jpg|thumb|[[Palace of Karabakh Khans|Palace]] of the former ruler (khan) of [[Shusha]]. Taken from a postcard from the late 19th–early 20th century.]] [[File:Armenian boroughs of city of Shusha destroyed by Azerbaijani armed forces in 1920 with defiled cathedral of Holy Savior on background.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Aftermath of the [[Shusha massacre]]: Armenian half of Shusha destroyed by Azerbaijani armed forces in 1920, with the defiled [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral|Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Savior]] in the background.]] [[Karabakh]] (including modern-day Nagorno-Karabakh), became a [[protectorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]] by the [[The Treaty of Kurakchay|Kurekchay Treaty]], signed between [[Ibrahim Khalil Khan]] of Karabakh and general [[Pavel Tsitsianov]] on behalf of Tsar [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] in 1805, according to which the Russian monarch recognized Ibrahim Khalil Khan and his descendants as the sole hereditary rulers of the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.km.ru/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030613014623/http://hronos.km.ru/dokum/azer1805.html|url-status=dead|title=KM.RU – новости, экономика, автомобили, наука и техника, кино, музыка, спорт, игры, анекдоты, курсы валют | KM.RU|archive-date=13 June 2003|website=www.km.ru}}</ref><ref>Muriel Atkin. ''The Strange Death of Ibrahim Khalil Khan of Qarabagh''. Iranian Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1/2 (Winter – Spring, 1979), pp. 79–107</ref><ref>George A. Bournoutian. ''A History of Qarabagh: An Annotated Translation of Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi's Tarikh-e Qarabagh''. Mazda Publishers, 1994. {{ISBN|1-56859-011-3}}, 978-1-568-59011-0</ref> However, its new status was only confirmed following the outcome of the [[Russo-Persian War (1804-1813)]], when through the loss in the war, Persia formally ceded Karabakh to the Russian Empire per the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] (1813),<ref>Tim Potier. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JL9N4F1SgyYC&dq=treaty+of+Gulistan+Karabakh&pg=PA1 M1 ''Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia: A Legal Appraisal''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909121408/https://books.google.com/books?id=JL9N4F1SgyYC&dq=treaty+of+Gulistan+Karabakh&pg=PA1 |date=9 September 2023 }}. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2001, p. 2. {{ISBN|90-411-1477-7}}.</ref><ref>Leonidas Themistocles Chrysanthopoulos. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cELfINDAH0oC&dq=treaty+of+Gulistan+Karabakh&pg=PA8 ''Caucasus Chronicles: Nation-building and Diplomacy in Armenia, 1993–1994''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909121409/https://books.google.com/books?id=cELfINDAH0oC&dq=treaty+of+Gulistan+Karabakh&pg=PA8 |date=9 September 2023 }}. [[Gomidas Institute]], 2002, p. 8. {{ISBN|1-884630-05-7}}.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LyhdAAAAMAAJ&dq=treaty+of+Gulistan+Karabakh+The+British+and+Foreign+Review&pg=RA1-PA422 ''The British and Foreign Review''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909121408/https://books.google.com/books?id=LyhdAAAAMAAJ&dq=treaty+of+Gulistan+Karabakh+The+British+and+Foreign+Review&pg=RA1-PA422 |date=9 September 2023 }}. J. Ridgeway and sons, 1838, p. 422.</ref><ref>Taru Bahl, M.H. Syed. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MJTdr3JI46wC&q=Karabagh&pg=PA34 ''Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World'']{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Anmol Publications PVT, 2003 p. 34. {{ISBN|81-261-1419-3}}.</ref> before the rest of [[Transcaucasia]] was incorporated into the Empire in 1828 by the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]], which came as an outcome of the [[Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)]]. In 1822, 9 years after it passed from Iranian to Russian control, the Karabakh Khanate was dissolved and the area became part of the [[Elizavetpol Governorate]] within the Russian Empire. In 1823 the five districts corresponding roughly to modern-day Nagorno-Karabakh were 90.8% Armenian-populated.<ref name="Tbilisi 1866">''Description of the Karabakh province prepared in 1823 according to the order of the governor in Georgia Yermolov by state advisor Mogilevsky and colonel Yermolov 2nd'' ({{langx|ru-Latn|Opisaniye Karabakhskoy provincii sostavlennoye v 1823 g po rasporyazheniyu glavnoupravlyayushego v Gruzii Yermolova deystvitelnim statskim sovetnikom Mogilevskim i polkovnikom Yermolovim 2-m}}), Tbilisi, 1866.</ref><ref name="Bournoutian, George A. 1994, page 18">Bournoutian, George A. ''A History of Qarabagh: An Annotated Translation of Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi's Tarikh-E Qarabagh''. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 1994, page 18</ref>
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