Editing Music of Turkey (section)

=== Western Influence on Turkish classical music ===
[[File:2024.11.23-ANTALYA SENFONİ-KONSER-ÖNSEÇİM2 copy.jpg|thumb|[[Antalya State Symphony Orchestra]] in 2018]]

While the European military bands of the 18th century introduced the percussion instruments of the Ottoman janissary bands, a reciprocal influence emerged in the 19th century in the form of the Europeanisation of the Ottoman army band. In 1827, [[Giuseppe Donizetti]], the elder brother of the renowned Italian opera composer [[Gaetano Donizetti]], was invited to become Master of Music to Sultan [[Mahmud II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/empires/prognotes.htm|title=BETWEEN EMPIRES 'Orientalism' Before 1600|work=Araci, Emre. Trinity College Chapel, Cambridge|access-date=July 15, 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010720130859/http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/empires/prognotes.htm|archive-date=July 20, 2001}}</ref> A successor of Donizetti was the German musician [[Paul Lange (musician)|Paul Lange]], formerly music lecturer at the [[American College for Girls]] and at the [[German High School Istanbul|German High School]], who took over the position of Master of the Sultan's Music after the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and kept it until his death in 1920. A son of Paul Lange was the Istanbul-born American conductor [[Hans Lange (conductor)|Hans Lange]]. The Ottoman composer [[Leyla Saz]] (1850–1936) provides an account of musical training in the Imperial Palace in her memoirs. As the daughter of the Palace surgeon, she grew up in the Imperial harem where girls were also given music lessons in both Turkish and Western styles.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Woodard |first1=Kathryn |title=Music in the Imperial Harem and the Life of Ottoman Composer Leyla Saz |url=http://www.soniccrossroads.com/research |website=Sonic Crossroads}}</ref>

After the [[decline of the Ottoman Empire]] and the creation of a Turkish republic, the transfer of the former Imperial Orchestra or ''Mızıka-ı Hümayun'' from Istanbul to the new capital of the state [[Ankara]], and renaming it as the Orchestra of the Presidency of the Republic, ''Riyaset-i Cumhur Orkestrası'', signaled a Westernization of Turkish music. The name would later be changed to the [[Presidential Symphony Orchestra]] or ''Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası''.<ref name="soundsofanatolia"/>

Further inroads came with the founding of a new school for the training of Western-style music instructors in 1924, renaming the Istanbul Oriental Music School as the [[Istanbul Conservatory]] in 1926, and sending talented young musicians abroad for further music education. These students include well-known Turkish composers such as [[Cemal Reşit Rey]], [[Ulvi Cemal Erkin]], [[Ahmet Adnan Saygun]], [[Necil Kazım Akses]] and [[Hasan Ferit Alnar]], who became known as [[the Turkish Five]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Woodard |first1=Kathryn |title=Music Mediating Politics in Turkey: The Case of Ahmed Adnan Saygun |journal=[[Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East]] |date=2007 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=552–562 |doi=10.1215/1089201x-2007-032 |s2cid=143740608 |url=http://www.soniccrossroads.com/research|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The founding of the Ankara State Conservatory with the aid of the German composer and music theorist [[Paul Hindemith]] in 1936 showed that Turkey in terms of music wanted to be like the West.<ref name="soundsofanatolia"/>

However, on the order of the founder of the republic, [[Atatürk]], following his philosophy to take from the West but to remain Turkish in essence, a wide-scale classification and archiving of samples of Turkish folk music from around [[Anatolia]] was launched in 1924 and continued until 1953 to collect around 10,000 folk songs. Hungarian composer [[Béla Bartók]] visited Ankara and south-eastern Turkey in 1936 within the context of these works.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Bartok, Bela |author2=Suchoff, Benjamin |name-list-style=amp |title=Turkish Folk Music from Asia Minor (The New York Bartok Archive Studies in Musicology, No. 7) |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1976 |isbn=0-691-09120-X |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/turkishfolkmusic0000bart }}, p 50</ref>

By 1976, Turkish classical music had undergone a renaissance and a state musical conservatory in Istanbul was founded to give classical musicians the same support as folk musicians. Modern-day advocates of Western classical music in Turkey include [[Fazıl Say]], [[İdil Biret]], [[Suna Kan]], the [[Önder Sisters]] and the [[Pekinel sisters]].