Editing Mushroom (section)

==Growth==
[[File:Growing oyster mushrooms - timelapse.webm|thumb|upright=1.3|Timelapse of [[Pleurotus ostreatus|oyster mushroom]]s (''Pleurotus ostreatus'') growing on a [[Petri dish]]]]

Many species of mushrooms seemingly appear overnight, growing or expanding rapidly. This phenomenon is the source of several common expressions in the [[English language]] including "to mushroom" or "mushrooming" (expanding rapidly in size or scope) and "to pop up like a mushroom" (to appear unexpectedly and quickly). In reality, all species of mushrooms take several days to form primordial mushroom fruit bodies, though they do expand rapidly by the absorption of fluids.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falconer |first=William |title=Mushrooms: How to Grow Them - A Practical Treatise on Mushroom Culture for Profit and Pleasure |publisher=Read Books |year=2009 |isbn=9781444678925 |edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DLong |date=29 August 2019 |title=How Mushrooms are Grown |url=https://canadianfoodfocus.org/on-the-farm/how-mushrooms-are-grown/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Canadian Food Focus |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sayner |first=Adam |date=23 February 2022 |title=How Long Does It Take To Grow Mushrooms? All Questions Answered |url=https://grocycle.com/how-long-does-it-take-to-grow-mushrooms/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=GroCycle |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Tom |title=A Complete Mushroom Cultivation Guide on How to Grow Gourmet Mushrooms and Identify Wild Common Mushrooms and Other Fungi for Beginners |publisher=Independently Published |year=2021 |isbn=9798702942391}}</ref>

The [[Agaricus bisporus|cultivated mushroom]], as well as the common [[field mushroom]], initially form a minute [[fruiting body]], referred to as the pin stage because of their small size. Slightly expanded, they are called buttons, once again because of the relative size and shape. Once such stages are formed, the mushroom can rapidly pull in water from its [[mycelium]] and expand, mainly by inflating preformed [[Cell (biology)|cells]] that took several days to form in the [[primordia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Herman |first1=K.C. |last2=Bleichrodt |first2=R. |date=September 2022 |title=Go with the flow: mechanisms driving water transport during vegetative growth and fruiting |url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/423032/1_s2.0_S1749461321000464_main.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |journal=Fungal Biology Reviews |volume=41 |pages=10–23 |doi=10.1016/j.fbr.2021.10.002 |bibcode=2022FunBR..41...10H |issn=1749-4613}}</ref>

Similarly, there are other mushrooms, like ''[[Parasola plicatilis]]'' (formerly ''[[Coprinus]] plicatlis''), that grow rapidly overnight and may disappear by late afternoon on a hot day after rainfall.<ref name="Nelson2006" /> The primordia form at ground level in lawns in humid spaces under the [[Thatch (lawn)|thatch]] and after heavy rainfall or in [[dew]]y conditions balloon to full size in a few hours, release spores, and then collapse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parasola plicatilis, Pleated Inkcap mushroom |url=https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/parasola-plicatilis.php |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=first-nature.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dish on Deliquescence in Coprinus Species :Cornell Mushroom Blog |url=https://blog.mycology.cornell.edu/2008/07/01/the-dish-on-deliquescence-in-coprinus-species/ |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>

Not all mushrooms expand overnight; some grow very slowly and add tissue to their fruiting bodies by growing from the edges of the colony or by inserting [[hypha]]e. For example, ''[[Pleurotus nebrodensis]]'' grows slowly, and because of this combined with human collection, it is now [[critically endangered]].<ref name="redlist" />

Though mushroom fruiting bodies are short-lived, the underlying mycelium can itself be long-lived and massive. A colony of ''[[Armillaria solidipes]]'' (formerly known as ''Armillaria ostoyae'') in [[Malheur National Forest]] in the United States is estimated to be 2,400 years old, possibly older, and spans an estimated {{convert|2200|acre|km2}}.<ref>{{Citation|chapter=A Humongous Fungus Among Us|title=Dinosaur in a Haystack|year=1995|publisher=Harvard University Press|doi=10.4159/harvard.9780674063426.c38|isbn=978-0-674-06342-6|pages=335–343}}</ref> Most of the fungus is underground and in decaying wood or dying tree roots in the form of white mycelia combined with black shoelace-like [[rhizomorphs]] that bridge colonized separated woody substrates.<ref name="urlUSFS" />