Editing Moraceae (section)

==Taxonomy==
Formerly included within the now defunct order [[Urticales]], recent molecular studies have resulted in the family's placement within the [[Rosales]] in a clade called the urticalean rosids that also includes [[Ulmaceae]], [[Celtidaceae]], [[Cannabaceae]], and [[Urticaceae]]. ''[[Cecropia]]'', which has variously been placed in the Moraceae, Urticaceae, or their own family, Cecropiaceae, is now included in the Urticaceae.<ref name="Sytsma">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sytsma KJ, Morawetz J, Pires C, Nepokroeff M, Conti E, Zjhra M, Hall JC, Chase MW | year = 2002 | title = Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on ''rbcL'', ''trnL''–''F'', and ''ndhF'' sequences | journal = [[American Journal of Botany]] | volume = 89 | issue = 9 | pages = 1531–1546 | url = http://www.bricol.net/research/CICphylog/CICfinalSTUFF/Urtical-rosids.pdf | doi = 10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531 | pmid = 21665755| doi-access = free }}</ref>

[[Dioecy]] (having individuals with separate sexes) appears to be the primitive state in Moraceae.<ref name="Datwyler">{{cite journal |vauthors=Datwyler SL, Weiblen G | year = 2004 | title = On the origin of the fig: Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ''ndhF'' sequences | journal = [[American Journal of Botany]] | volume = 91 | issue = 5 | pages = 767–777 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.91.5.767 | pmid = 21653431| doi-access =  }}</ref> [[Plant sexuality#Individual plant sexuality|Monoecy]] has evolved independently at least four times within the family.

===Phylogeny===
Modern [[molecular phylogenetics]] suggest these relationships:<ref name="Sytsma"/><ref name="Datwyler"/><ref name="Clement"/><ref name="Zerega">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zerega NJ, Clement WL, Datwyler SL, Weiblen GD | year = 2005 | title = Biogeography and divergence times in the mulberry family (Moraceae) | journal = [[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 402–416| doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.004 | pmid = 16112884| citeseerx = 10.1.1.418.1442 }}</ref>
{{Clade| style=line-height:75%;
|1={{clade
  |1=[[Urticaceae]]&nbsp;([[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]])
  |label2=Moraceae
  |2={{clade
    |1={{clade
      |label1=[[Artocarpeae]] <!-- Missing: Hullettia and Treculia. -->
      |1={{clade
        |1={{clade
          |1=''[[Batocarpus]]''
          |2=''[[Clarisia]]''
           }}
        |2={{clade
          |1=''[[Artocarpus]]''
          |2={{clade
            |1=''[[Parartocarpus]]''
            |2=''[[Prainea]]''
             }}
           }}
         }}
      |label2=[[Moreae]]
      |2={{clade
        |1=''[[Sorocea]]''
        |2={{clade
          |1=''[[Bagassa]]''
          |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Milicia (plant)|Milicia]]''
              |2=''[[Streblus]]''
               }}
            |2={{clade
              |1=''[[Morus (plant)|Morus]]''
              |2=''[[Trophis]]''
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
    |2={{clade
      |label1=[[Maclureae]]
      |1=''[[Maclura]]''
      |2={{clade
        |label1=[[Dorstenieae]] <!-- Missing: Bosqueiopsis and Scyphosyce. -->
        |1={{clade
          |1=''[[Fatoua]]''
          |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Broussonetia]]''
              |2=''[[Malaisia]]''
               }}
            |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                |1=''[[Bleekrodea]]''
                |2=''[[Sloetia]]''
                 }}
              |2=''[[Trilepisium]]''
              |3={{clade
                |1={{clade
                  |1=''[[Utsetela]]''
                  |2=''[[Dorstenia]]''
                   }}
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Brosimum]]''
                  |2=''[[Trymatococcus]]''
                  |3=''[[Helianthostylis]]''
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
        |2={{clade
          |label1=[[Ficeae]]
          |1=''[[Ficus]]''
          |label2=[[Castilleae]]
          |2={{clade
            |label1=Antiaropsineae
            |1={{clade
              |1=''[[Sparattosyce]]''
              |2=''[[Antiaropsis]]''
               }}
            |label2=Castillineae
            |2={{clade
              |1={{clade
                |1=''[[Antiaris]]''
                |2=''[[Mesogyne]]''
                 }}
              |2={{clade
                |1=''[[Naucleopsis]]''
                |2={{clade
                  |1=''[[Perebea]]''
                  |2=''[[Pseudolmedia]]''
                  |3={{clade
                    |1=''[[Maquira]]''
                    |2={{clade
                      |1=''[[Helicostylis]]''
                      |2={{clade
                        |1=''[[Poulsenia]]''
                        |2=''[[Castilla (plant)|Castilla]]''
                         }}
                       }}
                     }}
                   }}
                 }}
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}

===Tribes and genera===
Moraceae is comprised 48 genera<ref name = powo/> in seven tribes.<ref>Gardner, E.M., Garner, M., Cowan, R., Dodsworth, S., Epitawalage, N., Arifiani, D., Sahromi, Baker, W.J., Forest, F., Maurin, O., Zerega, N.J.C., Monro, A.K. and Hipp, A. (2021), Repeated parallel losses of inflexed stamens in Moraceae: Phylogenomics and generic revision of the tribe Moreae and the reinstatement of the tribe Olmedieae (Moraceae).''Taxon'', 70: 946-988. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12526</ref><ref name="Hepworth">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hepworth C | year = 2018 | title = Moraceae – The Mulberry Family | journal = Florida Fruit Geek | url = https://floridafruitgeek.com/moraceae-the-mulberry-family/}}</ref>
{{div col}}
*'''[[Artocarpeae]]''' {{small|Lam. & DC. 1806}}
** ''[[Artocarpus]]'' {{small|J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.}} (73 spp.)
** ''[[Batocarpus]]'' {{small|H.Karst.}} (3 spp.)
** ''[[Clarisia]]'' {{small|Ruiz & Pav.}} (4 spp.)
* '''[[Chlorophoreae]]''' (syn. '''[[Maclureae]]''' {{small|W.L. Clement & Weiblen 2009}})
** ''[[Maclura]]'' {{small|Nutt.}} (13 spp.)
* '''Parartocarpeae'''
** ''[[Hullettia]]'' {{small|King ex Hook.f.}} (2 spp.)
** ''[[Parartocarpus]]'' {{small|Baill.}} (2 spp.)
** ''[[Pseudostreblus]]'' {{small|Bureau}} (1 sp.)
*'''[[Olmedieae]]''' {{small|Trécul 1847}} (syn. Castilleae)
** ''[[Antiaris]]'' {{small|Lesch.}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Antiaropsis]]'' {{small|K.Schum.}} (2 spp.)
** ''[[Castilla (plant)|Castilla]]'' {{small|Cerv.}} (3 spp.)
** ''[[Helicostylis]]'' {{small|Trécul}} (8 spp.)
** ''[[Maquira]]'' {{small|Aubl.}} (4 spp.)<!-- Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28(4): 277 -->
** ''[[Mesogyne]]'' {{small|Engl.}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Naucleopsis]]'' {{small|Miq.}} (25 spp.)
** ''[[Olmedia]]'' {{small|Ruiz & Pav.}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Perebea]]'' {{small|Aubl.}} (10 spp.)
** ''[[Poulsenia]]'' {{small|Eggers}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Pseudolmedia]]'' {{small|Trécul}} (11 spp.)
** ''[[Sparattosyce]]'' {{small|Bur.}} (2 spp.)
** ''[[Streblus]]'' {{small|Lour.}} (5 spp.)
*'''[[Dorstenieae]]''' {{small|Dumort. 1830}}
** ''[[Bleekrodea]]'' {{small|Blume}} (3 spp.)
** ''[[Bosqueiopsis]]'' {{small|De Wild. & T.Durand}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Brosimum]]'' {{small|Sw.}} (19 spp.)
** ''[[Broussonetia]]'' {{small|L’Hér. ex Vent.}} (4 spp.)
** ''[[Dorstenia]]'' {{small|L.}} (122 spp.)
** ''[[Fatoua]]'' {{small|Gaudich.}} (3 spp.)
** ''[[Malaisia]]'' {{small|Blanco 1837}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Scyphosyce]]'' {{small|Baill.}} (3 spp.)
** ''[[Sloetia]]'' {{small|Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Sloetiopsis]]'' {{small|Engl.}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Trilepisium]]'' {{small|Thouars}} (2 sp.)
** ''[[Utsetela]]'' {{small|Pellegr.}} (2 sp.)
*'''[[Ficeae]]''' {{small|Gaudich. 1830}}
**''[[Ficus]]'' {{small|L.}} (880 spp.)
*'''[[Moreae]]''' {{small|Dumort. 1829}}
** ''[[Afromorus]]'' {{small|E.M.Gardner}}
** ''[[Ampalis]]'' {{small|Bojer}} (2 spp.)
** ''[[Bagassa]]'' {{small|Aubl.}} (1 sp.)
** ''[[Maillardia]]'' {{small|Frapp. ex Duch.}} (2 spp.)
** ''[[Milicia (plant)|Milicia]]'' {{small|Sim}} (2 spp.)
** ''[[Morus (plant)|Morus]]'' {{small|L.}} (17 spp.)
** ''[[Paratrophis]]'' {{small|Blume}} (12 spp.)
** ''[[Sorocea]]'' {{small|A.St.-Hil.}} (22 spp.)
** ''[[Taxotrophis]]'' {{small|Blume}} (6 spp.)
** ''[[Trophis]]'' {{small|P.Browne}} (5 spp.)
{{div col end}}

Other genera accepted by [[Plants of the World Online]] {{As of|2024|April|lc=yes}}:
{{div col}}
* ''[[Allaeanthus]]'' {{small|Thwaites}} (4 spp.)
* ''[[Calaunia]]'' {{small|Gudzins.}} (1 sp.)
* ''[[Hijmania]]'' {{small|M.D.M.Vianna}} (4 spp.)
* ''[[Prainea]]'' {{small|King ex Hook.f.}} (2 spp.)
* ''[[Treculia]]'' {{small|Decne. ex Trécul}} (5 spp.)
{{div col end}}

===Fossil genera and species===
In addition to the living species, a number of fossil genera have been ascribed to the family:<ref name="IFPNI2023">{{cite web |url=http://ifpni.org/supragenus.htm?id=D69354B1-79FB-4BBE-B97C-4A3CC30B6D30 |website=The International Fossil Plant Names Index |title=Moraceae |accessdate=9 Feb 2023}}</ref>
{{div col}}
* {{extinct}}''[[Aginoxylon]]'' {{small|Dupéron, 1977}}
*''[[Aginoxylon moroides]]'' {{small|Dupéron, 1977}}
* †''[[Artocarpidium]]'' {{small|Unger, 1850}}
* †''[[Artocarpoides]]'' {{small|Saporta, 1865}}
* †''[[Arthmiocarpus]]'' {{small|Delevoryas, 1964}}
* †''[[Artocarpoxylon]]'' {{small|Prakash & Lalitha, 1978}}
* †''[[Becktonia]]'' {{small|M. Chandler, 1961}}
** †''[[Becktonia hantonensis]]'' {{small|M. Chandler, 1961}}
* †''[[Cornerocarpon]]'' {{small|Grote, 2013}}
** †''[[Cornerocarpon copiosum]]'' {{small|Grote, 2013}}
* †''[[Coussapoites]]'' {{small|Pons, 1976}}
** †''[[Coussapoites veracruzianus]]'' {{small|Pons, 1976}}
* †''[[Cudranioxylon]]'' {{small|Dupéron-Laudoueneix, 1980}}
** †''[[Cudranioxylon engolismense]]'' {{small|Dupéron-Laudoueneix, 1980}}
* †''[[Ficofolium]]''  {{small|Peters, 1963}}
** †''[[Ficofolium weylandii]]''  {{small|Peters, 1963}}
* †''[[Ficonium]]'' {{small|Ettingshausen, 1883}}
** †''[[Ficonium nitidum]]'' {{small|Paterson, 1934}}
** †''[[Ficonium silesiacum]]'' {{small|(Velenovský) Halamski & J. Kvaček, 2015}}
** †''[[Ficonium solanderi]]'' {{small|Ettingshausen, 1883}}
* †''[[Milicioxylon]]'' {{small|Shukla, Mehrotra, & Guleria, 2012}}
** †''[[Milicioxylon kachchhense]]'' {{small|Shukla, Mehrotra, & Guleria, 2012}}
* †''[[Moraceoipollenites]]'' {{small|Zheng, 1999}}
* †''[[Moricites]]'' {{small|Krüger, 1825}}
* †''[[Moroidea]]'' {{small|M. Chandler, 1957}}
** †''[[Moroidea baltica]]'' {{small|Dorofeev, 1982}}
** †''[[Moroidea caucasica]]'' {{small|Dorofeev, 1982}}
** †''[[Moroidea cretacea]]'' {{small|Knobloch & Mai, 1986}}
** †''[[Moroidea hordwellensis]]'' {{small|M. Chandler, 1961}}
** †''[[Moroidea reticulata]]'' {{small|Dorofeev, 1963}}
** †''[[Moroidea tymensis]]'' {{small|Dorofeev, 1963}}
* †''[[Moroxylon]]'' {{small|Selmeier, 1993}}
* †''[[Myrianthoxylon]]'' {{small|Koeniguer, 1978}}
**''[[Myrianthoxylon chaloneri]]'' {{small|Koeniguer, 1978}}
* †''[[Ovicarpum]]'' {{small|M. Chandler, 1962}}
* †''[[Palaeokalopanax]]'' {{small|Fotjanova, 1984}}
**†''[[Palaeokalopanax kamtschaticus]]'' {{small|Fotjanova, 1984}}
**†''[[Palaeokalopanax vollosovitschii]]'' {{small|Chelebaeva, 2005}}
* †''[[Paleoficus]]'' {{small|Biswas}}
* †''[[Protoficus]]'' {{small|Saporta, 1868}}
**†''[[Protoficus crenulata]]'' {{small|Saporta, 1868}}
**†''[[Protoficus crispans]]'' {{small|Langeron, 1900}}
**†''[[Protoficus dentatus]]'' {{small|Langeron, 1899}}
**†''[[Protoficus insignis]]'' {{small|Saporta, 1868}}
**†''[[Protoficus lacera]]'' {{small|Saporta, 1868}}
**†''[[Protoficus nervosa]]'' {{small|Newberry, 1883}}
**†''[[Protoficus saportae]]'' {{small|Principi, 1916}}
**†''[[Protoficus sezannensis]]'' {{small|(Watelet) Saporta, 1868}}
* †''[[Soroceaxylon]]'' {{small|Franco, 2010}}
**''[[Soroceaxylon entrerriense]]'' {{small|Franco, 2010}}
* †''[[Ungerites]]'' {{small|Schleiden, 1855}} (syn ''Ficoxylon'')
**†''[[Ungerites tropicus]]'' {{small|Schleiden, 1855}}
* †''[[Welkoetoxylon]]'' {{small|Boonchai, Manchester, & Wheeler, 2015}}
**†''[[Welkoetoxylon multiseriatum]]'' {{small|Boonchai, Manchester, & Wheeler, 2015}} 
{{div col end}}