Editing Monmouth County, New Jersey (section)

=== 20th century ===
In 1910, the [[Wright brothers|Wright Brothers]] hosted an [[Air show|aviation show]] in [[Interlaken, New Jersey|Interlaken]], where numerous records were broken, such as high [[altitude]]s, longest time airborne, the first night flight, and the first [[Airmail|air mail]] delivery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Wright Brothers Bring Aviation to Monmouth County |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-wright-brothers-bring-aviation-to-monmouth-county/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Fort Hancock, New Jersey|Fort Hancock]] in [[Sandy Hook]] played a minor role in [[World War I|World War 1]] and [[World War II|World War 2]]. The fort was intended as one of the defensive forts of New York City, and as neither war came to the area, the fort was largely unaffected. However, during World War 1, several of the artillery guns were removed for use elsewhere. In 1919, the [[Sandy Hook Proving Ground]] was essentially abandoned in favor of a large site at the [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]] in [[Maryland]]. During World War 2, the fort served as a mobilization center. In 1946, the guns at the fort were considered obsolete, leading to their scrapping and subsequent decommissioning of the fort. The fort was reactivated twice, first as an antiaircraft defense and later as a Nike missile base, but was closed for good in 1974.<ref name=":2" /> Today, the fort is a [[National Register of Historic Places|National Historic Place]] and [[National Historic Landmark|Landmark]].

In 1916, two of the three [[Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916|Jersey Shore shark attacks]] occurred in Monmouth County, with one occurring on July 6 in [[Spring Lake, New Jersey|Spring Lake]] while the other occurred on July 12 in [[Matawan, New Jersey|Matawan]]. One person was killed in the Spring Lake attack, while in Matawan two people were killed and one was injured.

In 1917, construction of [[Fort Monmouth]] began under the name of Camp Little Silver as training grounds. The first permanent structure, a [[barracks]], was erected in 1928. In 1928, the first [[radio]]-equipped [[Weather balloon|meteorological balloon]] reached the [[atmosphere]], a precursor to modern day [[Atmospheric sounding|weather sounding]]. Numerous buildings were constructed during the 1930s-1940s at the facility, with the fort significantly expanding in size.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-11 |title=Fort Monmouth Historical Office - HOME |url=http://www.monmouth.army.mil/historian/history.php |access-date=2024-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111052953/http://www.monmouth.army.mil/historian/history.php |archive-date=November 11, 2006 }}</ref> Fort Monmouth was also where [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Espionage|spies]] [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg|Julius Rosenberg]], [[Joel Barr]], and [[Alfred Sarant]] operated. Numerous scientific breakthroughs occurred at Fort Monmouth, including [[Project Diana]] in 1946; [[SCORE (satellite)|SCORE]], the world's first [[communications satellite]] in 1958; [[TIROS-1]], the world's first full-scale [[weather satellite]] in 1960, and other projects including [[Marilyn Levy|photography]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/history/science/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On November 11, 1926, the Count Basie Theater opened as the Carlton Theater in [[Red Bank, New Jersey|Red Bank]]. In 1970, the theater had closed alongside most of the other historic theaters in the town. In 1973, an anonymous donation allowed for the preservation of the theater. In 1984, it was renamed after [[Count Basie]], a native of Red Bank. Many well-known acts had performed at the theater, such as [[Tony Bennett]], [[Olivia Newton-John]], [[Bruce Springsteen]], and [[Jon Bon Jovi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Count Basie Theatre |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-count-basie-theatre/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1928, the [[Asbury Park Convention Hall]] was constructed alongside the [[boardwalk]]. On January 1, 1930, the [[Paramount Theatre (Asbury Park, New Jersey)|Paramount Theater]] in [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] showed its first film, ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]].'' The buildings are connected by a grand [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] alongside the boardwalk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paramount Theatre |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/paramount-theatre/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On September 8, 1934, the ''[[SS Morro Castle (1930)|SS Morro Castle]]'' caught fire and burned during a storm on its route from [[New York City]] to [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]. The ship drifted ashore to [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] by the [[Asbury Park Convention Hall|Convention Hall]], where it remained until 1935 when it was towed away to be scrapped. The disaster was one of the [[List of maritime disasters in the 20th century|deadliest maritime disasters]] in United States history, having killed 137 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SS Morro Castle: An Inferno at Sea, a Burning Hulk on the Beach, and Many Unanswered Questions |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/ss-morro-castle/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On December 13, 1943, [[Naval Weapons Station Earle]] was commissioned, which is designed to safely store and transport military ordinance. The 11,000 acre main facility consumes land in [[Colts Neck Township, New Jersey|Colts Neck Township]], [[Howell Township, New Jersey|Howell Township]], [[Wall Township, New Jersey|Wall Township]], and [[Tinton Falls, New Jersey|Tinton Falls]], while the three-pronged pier in the [[Leonardo, New Jersey|Leonardo]] section of [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middletown Township]] is connected to the main facility via Normandy Road, a military-only railroad and road that connects the facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naval Weapons Station Earle |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/naval-weapons-station-earle/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Bell Labs Holmdel Complex|Bell Labs]] complex in [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey|Holmdel Township]] was a major center for scientific research throughout the 20th century. On May 4, 1933, [[radio astronomy]], one of the most significant achievements in the field of [[astronomy]], was invented by [[Karl Guthe Jansky]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl G. Jansky, the Father of Radio Astronomy |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/karl-jansky/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref> On June 25, 1946, the [[Solar cell|silicon solar cell]] was patented by [[Russell Ohl|Russell S. Ohl]], who operated out of Bell Labs. In 1959, [[AT&T]] began construction on the current building, completing it in 1962, where the building acted as a research and development facility. The facility was expanded twice in 1966 and 1982. On October 17, 1978, [[Cosmic microwave background|cosmic microwave background radiation]] was discovered at the site by [[Arno Allan Penzias|Arno Penzias]] and [[Robert Woodrow Wilson|Robert Wilson]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bell Labs' Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson Are Nobel Prize Laureates |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/bell-labs-arno-penzias-robert-wilson-are-nobel-prize-laureates/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On June 12, 1968, the [[PNC Bank Arts Center|Garden State Arts Center]] opened in [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey|Holmdel Township]] alongside the [[Garden State Parkway]], having its own exit of 116. The [[Amphitheatre|amphitheater]] often hosted [[Classical music|classical]] and [[Popular music|popular]] [[music]], as well as various other programs, and has a capacity of roughly 10,000 people. In 1995, on the opposite side of the parkway, the [[New Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial]] was opened. In 1996, the facility expanded heavily, adding thousands in capacity, and shifting toward general music with broader appeal to compete with other amphitheaters. In 1996, the facility was renamed to PNC Bank Arts Center. The theater is one of the most successful amphitheaters in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chen |first=David W. |date=1996-09-29 |title=Music to Whose Ears? Arts Center and Neighbors Try to Work Things Out |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/nyregion/music-to-whose-ears-arts-center-and-neighbors-try-to-work-things-out.html |access-date=2024-06-01 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PNC Bank Arts Center |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/pnc-bank-arts-center/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1970, [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] experienced a major [[1970 Asbury Park race riots|race riot]] between July 4 and July 10, one of the largest in New Jersey. The riot was largely due to high [[unemployment]], poor housing conditions, and lack of [[recreation]]al activities within the African American community. Over 180 people were injured during the week long riot. The largely [[African Americans|African American]] West Side of the city experienced the most damage, with an estimated $5,600,000 in damages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Maritza |date=2018-07-01 |title=Asbury Park Race Riot (1970) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/asbury-park-race-riot-1970/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>

On February 8, 1974, [[The Stone Pony]] opened in [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] across the street from the boardwalk. The live [[music venue]] is small but well-known, with its most notable talents [[Bruce Springsteen]] and the [[E Street Band]] as well as [[Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes]] having launched their career out of the venue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stone Pony |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-stone-pony/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>