Editing Metallurgy (section)

===Metalworking processes===
{{Main|Metalworking}}
[[File:Bochumer Verein-08-50124.jpg|thumb|An open-die drop forging with two dies of an ingot, which is then further processed into a wheel]]
* [[Casting (metalworking)|Casting]] – molten metal is poured into a shaped [[Molding (process)|mold]]. Variants of casting include [[sand casting]], [[investment casting]], also called the lost wax process, [[die casting]], centrifugal casting, both vertical and horizontal, and continuous castings. Each of these forms has advantages for certain metals and applications considering factors like magnetism and corrosion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Casting Process, Types of Casting Process, Casting Process Tips, Selecting Casting Process, Casting Process Helps |url=http://www.themetalcasting.com/casting-process.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218093932/http://www.themetalcasting.com/casting-process.html |archive-date=18 December 2017 |access-date=2017-12-13 |website=www.themetalcasting.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Forging]] – a red-hot [[Billet (manufacturing)|billet]] is hammered into shape.
* [[Rolling (metalworking)|Rolling]] – a billet is passed through successively narrower rollers to create a sheet.
* [[Extrusion]] – a hot and malleable metal is forced under pressure through a [[die (manufacturing)|die]], which shapes it before it cools.
* [[Machining]] – [[Lathe (tool)|lathes]], [[milling machine]]s and [[drill]]s cut the cold metal to shape.
* [[Sintering]] – a [[powder metallurgy|powdered metal]] is heated in a non-oxidizing environment after being compressed into a die.
* [[Fabrication (metal)|Fabrication]] – sheets of metal are cut with [[guillotine]]s or [[gas welding|gas cutters]] and bent and welded into structural shape.
* [[Cladding (metalworking)|Laser cladding]] – metallic powder is blown through a movable laser beam (e.g. mounted on a NC 5-axis machine). The resulting melted metal reaches a substrate to form a melt pool. By moving the laser head, it is possible to stack the tracks and build up a three-dimensional piece.
* [[3D printing]] – Sintering or melting amorphous powder metal in a 3D space to make any object to shape.

[[Cold working|Cold-working]] processes, in which the product's shape is altered by rolling, fabrication or other processes, while the product is cold, can increase the strength of the product by a process called [[work hardening]]. Work hardening creates [[dislocation|microscopic defects]] in the metal, which resist further changes of shape.