Editing Mediterranean Sea (section)

==Geography==
{{multiple image
| width    = 180
| footer   =
| image1   = STS059-238-074 Strait of Gibraltar.jpg
| alt1     =
| caption1 = A satellite image showing the Mediterranean Sea. The [[Strait of Gibraltar]] appears in the bottom left (north-west) quarter of the image; to its left is the [[Iberian Peninsula]] in [[Europe]], and to its right, the [[Maghreb]] in [[Africa]].
| image2   = Gallipoli peninsula from space.jpg
| alt2     =
| caption2 = The [[Dardanelles]] [[Turkish Straits|strait]] in [[Turkey]]. The north (upper) side forms part of [[Europe]] (the [[Gelibolu Peninsula]] in the [[Thrace]] region); on the south (lower) side is [[Anatolia]] in [[Asia]].
}}{{See also|List of islands in the Mediterranean Sea}}
The Mediterranean Sea connects:
* to the [[Atlantic Ocean]] by the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] (known in [[Homer]]'s writings as the "[[Pillars of Hercules]]") in the west
* to the [[Sea of Marmara]] and the [[Black Sea]], by the Straits of the [[Dardanelles]] and the [[Bosporus]] respectively, in the east

The {{convert|163|km|mi|abbr= on}} long artificial [[Suez Canal]] in the southeast connects the Mediterranean Sea to the [[Red Sea]] without ship lock, because the water level is essentially the same.<ref name="melitensia"/><ref>Harald Krachler "Alois Negrelli, der Suezkanalplaner" In: Wiener Zeitung 18 January 1999.</ref>

The westernmost point of the Mediterranean is located at the transition from the [[Alborán Sea]] to the Strait of Gibraltar, the easternmost point is on the coast of the [[Gulf of Iskenderun]] in southeastern Turkey. The northernmost point of the Mediterranean is on the coast of the [[Gulf of Trieste]] near [[Monfalcone]] in northern Italy while the southernmost point is on the coast of the [[Gulf of Sidra]] near the Libyan town of [[El Agheila]].

Large islands in the Mediterranean include:
* [[Cyprus]], [[Crete]], [[Euboea]], [[Rhodes]], [[Lesbos Island|Lesbos]], [[Chios]], [[Kefalonia]], [[Corfu]], [[Limnos]], [[Samos]], [[Naxos Island|Naxos]], and [[Andros]] in the [[Eastern Mediterranean]]
* [[Sicily]], [[Cres]], [[Krk]], [[Brač]], [[Hvar]], [[Pag (island)|Pag]], [[Korčula]], and [[Malta Island|Malta]] in the central Mediterranean
* [[Sardinia]], [[Corsica]], and the [[Balearic Islands]]: [[Ibiza]], [[Mallorca]], and [[Menorca]] in the Western Mediterranean
The [[Alps|Alpine arc]], which also has a great meteorological impact on the Mediterranean area, touches the Mediterranean in the west in the area around [[Nice]].

The typical [[Mediterranean climate]] has hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Crops of the region include [[olive]]s, [[grape]]s, [[orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[tangerine]]s, [[carob]]s and [[cork (material)|cork]].

===Marginal seas===
[[File:Lopud island, Croatia (48612709613).jpg|thumb|The [[Elaphiti Islands]] off the coast of Croatia; the Adriatic Sea contains over [[List of islands in the Adriatic|1200 islands and islets]].]]
[[File:Illots d'Eivissa (Pitiüses) 12. Es Malvins.jpg|thumb|Es Malvins, [[Balearic Sea]]]]
[[File:Ionian sea islands, pic1.JPG|thumb|230px|The Ionian Sea, view from the island [[Lefkada]], Greece]]

The Mediterranean Sea includes 15 [[marginal seas]]:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bai |first1=Yan |last2=He |first2=Xianqiang |last3=Yu |first3=Shujie |last4=Chen |first4=Chen-Tung |date=28 February 2018 |title=Changes in the Ecological Environment of the Marginal Seas along the Eurasian Continent from 2003 to 2014 |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=10 |issue=3 |page=635 |doi=10.3390/su10030635 |issn=2071-1050|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018Sust...10..635B }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2023}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Number
!rowspan=2|Sea
!colspan=2|Area
!rowspan=2|Marginal countries and territories
|-
!km<sup>2</sup>
!sq mi
|-
| align=center|1 || '''[[Libyan Sea]]''' || {{convert|350,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Libya]], [[Greece]], [[Malta]], [[Italy]]
|-
| align=center|2 || '''[[Levantine Sea]]''' || {{convert|320,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Egypt]], [[Greece]], [[Cyprus]], [[Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Akrotiri & Dhekelia]]
|-
| align=center|3 || '''[[Tyrrhenian Sea]]''' || {{convert|275,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Italy]], [[France]]
|-
| align=center|4 || '''[[Aegean Sea]]''' || {{convert|214,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Greece]], [[Turkey]]
|-
| align=center|5 || '''[[Icarian Sea]]''' || colspan=2 align=center | (Part of Aegean) || [[Greece]]
|-
| align=center|6 || '''[[Myrtoan Sea]]''' || colspan=2 align=center | (Part of Aegean) || [[Greece]]
|-
| align=center|7 || '''[[Thracian Sea]]''' || colspan=2 align=center | (Part of Aegean) || [[Greece]], [[Turkey]]
|-
| align=center|8 || '''[[Ionian Sea]]''' || {{convert|169,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Greece]], [[Albania]], [[Italy]]
|-
| align=center|9 || '''[[Balearic Sea]]''' || {{convert|150,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Spain]]
|-
| align=center|10 || '''[[Adriatic Sea]]''' || {{convert|138,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Albania]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]], [[Italy]], [[Montenegro]], [[Slovenia]]
|-
| align=center|11 || '''[[Sea of Sardinia]]''' || {{convert|120,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Italy]], [[Spain]]
|-
| align=center|12 || '''[[Sea of Crete]]''' || {{convert|95,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} <small>(Part of Aegean)</small> || [[Greece]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sea-of-Crete |title=Sea of Crete &#124; sea, Greece |website=Britannica |access-date=28 November 2022 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032903/https://www.britannica.com/place/Sea-of-Crete |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| align=center|13 || '''[[Ligurian Sea]]''' || {{convert|80,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Italy]], [[France]]
|-
| align=center|14 || '''[[Alboran Sea]]''' || {{convert|53,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Spain]], [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Gibraltar]]
|-
| align=center|15 || '''[[Sea of Marmara]]''' || {{convert|11,500|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || [[Turkey]]
|-
| align=center|– || '''Other''' || ~{{convert|500,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} || Consists of gulfs, straits, channels and other parts that do not have the name of a specific sea.
|-
!Total!!Mediterranean Sea!!~{{convert|2,500,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
!
|}
* [[List of seas#Marginal seas by ocean|List of seas]]
* [[:Category:Marginal seas of the Mediterranean|Category:Marginal seas of the Mediterranean]]
* [[:Category:Gulfs of the Mediterranean|Category:Gulfs of the Mediterranean]]
* [[:Category:Straits of the Mediterranean Sea|Category:Straits of the Mediterranean Sea]]
* [[:Category:Channels of the Mediterranean Sea|Category:Channels of the Mediterranean Sea]]

Note 1: The [[International Hydrographic Organization]] defines the area as generic Mediterranean Sea, in the Western Basin. It does not recognize the label [[Sea of Sardinia]].<ref name="IHO" />

Note 2: [[Thracian Sea]] and [[Myrtoan Sea]] are [[seas]] that are part of the [[Aegean Sea]].

Note 3: The [[Black Sea]] is not considered part of it.

===Extent===
{{See also|List of drainage basins by area}}
[[File:Locatie Middellandse Zee.PNG|thumb|Borders of the Mediterranean Sea]]

The [[International Hydrographic Organization]] defines the limits of the Mediterranean Sea as follows:<ref name="IHO">{{cite web|url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf|archive-date=8 October 2011}}</ref> Stretching from the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] in the west to the entrances to the [[Dardanelles]] and the [[Suez Canal]] in the east, the Mediterranean Sea is bounded by the coasts of Europe, Africa, and Asia and is divided into two deep basins:
* Western Basin:
** On the west: A line joining the extremities of [[Cape Trafalgar]] (Spain) and [[Cape Spartel]] (Africa)
** On the northeast: The west coast of Italy. In the [[Strait of Messina]], a line joining the north extreme of Cape Paci (15°42′E) with Cape Peloro, the east extreme of the Island of [[Sicily]]. The north coast of Sicily
** On the east: A line joining Cape Lilibeo the western point of Sicily ({{coord|37|47|N|12|22|E|display=inline}}), through the Adventure Bank to [[Cape Bon]] (Tunisia)
* Eastern Basin:
** On the west: The northeastern and eastern limits of the Western Basin
** On the northeast: A line joining [[Kumkale, Çanakkale|Kum Kale]] (26°11′E) and [[Cape Helles]], the western entrance to the Dardanelles
** On the southeast: The entrance to the [[Suez Canal]]
** On the east: The coasts of [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[Israel]], and [[Palestine]] (through the [[Gaza Strip]])

===Hydrography===
<!--This section is linked from the Infobox and the [[Mediterranean Basin]] article-->
[[File:Mediterranean Basin.png|thumb|Approximate extent of the Mediterranean drainage basin (dark green). [[Nile]] basin only partially shown]]

The [[drainage basin]] of the Mediterranean Sea is particularly heterogeneous and extends much further than the Mediterranean region.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2u4HMfAMXoC |title=The Climate of the Mediterranean Region: From the Past to the Future |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |author=Lionello, P. |year=2012 |page=lxii |isbn=978-0-12-391477-4 |quote=Geographically, the Mediterranean catchment is extremely large and heterogeneous, covering an area of approximately 5 millions km<sup>2</sup>. It extends from the equator, where the springs of the White Nile River are located, to the source of the Rhone River at approximately 48°N. In longitude, it spans about 40°, from the middle of the Iberian peninsula, at 4°W, towards southern Turkey and the Middle East coasts facing the Mediterranean Sea (35°E). |access-date=1 May 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145323/https://books.google.com/books?id=a2u4HMfAMXoC |url-status=live }}</ref> Its size has been estimated between {{convert|4000000|and|5500000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},{{NoteTag|Not including the area of the Mediterranean Sea}} depending on whether non-active parts (deserts) are included or not.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226665381 |title=Advances in the Research of Aquatic Environment |chapter=An insight to the fluvial characteristics of the Mediterranean and Black Sea watersheds |page=191 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |author=Poulos, Serafeim |year=2011 |quote=The drainage basin of the Mediterranean Sea, accounting for some 4,184 10<sup>3</sup> km<sup>2</sup> (including the R. Nile)}}</ref><ref name="Margat 2004 p4">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n5CGAAAAIAAJ |title=Mediterranean Basin Water Atlas |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |author=Margat, Jean F. |year=2004 |page=4 |isbn=978-2-9517181-5-9 |quote=A basin of varied geometry: Area of the entire Mediterranean Basin, including the whole of the Nile Basin = 4,562,480 km<sup>2</sup>; Area of the 'conventional' Mediterranean Basin (i.e. counting only part of the Nile Basin in Egypt) = 1,836,480 km<sup>2</sup> [...] There are few rivers with an abundant flow. Only three rivers have a mean discharge of more than 1000 m<sup>3</sup>/s: the Nile (at Aswan), the Rhône and the Po. |access-date=1 May 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145323/https://books.google.com/books?id=n5CGAAAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean-Black Sea system |author=García-García, D. |journal=[[Climate Dynamics]] |year=2022 |volume=59 |issue=7–8 |pages=1919–1938 |doi=10.1007/s00382-022-06188-2 |bibcode=2022ClDy...59.1919G |s2cid=247013753 |quote=In the continents, the drainage basins discharging into the Mediterranean and Black seas are defined according to the global continental runoff pathways scheme (Oki and Sud 1998), and they cover 5.34 × 10<sup>6</sup> and 2.43 × 10<sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, respectively |doi-access=free|hdl=10045/121760 |hdl-access=free  |issn=0930-7575}}</ref> The longest river ending in the Mediterranean Sea is the [[Nile]], which takes its sources in equatorial Africa. The basin of the Nile constitutes about two-thirds of the Mediterranean drainage basin<ref name="Margat 2004 p4" /> and encompasses areas as high as the [[Ruwenzori Mountains]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXgyHLT_hwIC |title=Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |author=Gupta, Avijit |year=2008 |page=275 |isbn=978-0-470-72371-5 |quote=The highest point in the Nile basin is Mount Stanley (5109 m) in the Ruwenzori Mountain range between Lake Edward and Lake Albert |access-date=1 May 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145323/https://books.google.com/books?id=gXgyHLT_hwIC |url-status=live }}</ref> Among other important rivers in Africa, are the [[Moulouya River|Moulouya]] and the [[Chelif River|Chelif]], both on the north side of the [[Atlas Mountains]]. In Asia, are the [[Ceyhan River|Ceyhan]] and [[Seyhan River|Seyhan]], both on the south side of the [[Taurus Mountains]].<ref name="UNEP">{{cite web |url=https://www.medqsr.org/mediterranean-marine-and-coastal-environment |title=The Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment: Hydrological and climatic setting. |publisher=Mediterranean Action Plan of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/MAP) |access-date=16 April 2022 |quote=The Mediterranean is an area of transition between a temperate Europe with relatively abundant and consistent water resources, and the arid African and Arabian deserts that are very short of water. |archive-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024184710/https://www.medqsr.org/mediterranean-marine-and-coastal-environment |url-status=dead }}</ref> In Europe, the largest basins are those of the [[Rhône]], [[Ebro]], [[Po (river)|Po]], and [[Maritsa]].<ref name="UNECE">{{cite book |url=https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/publications/pub76.htm |title=Our Waters: Joining Hands Across Borders: First Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters |publisher=[[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] |year=2007 |chapter=Drainage basin of the Mediterranean Sea |pages=154–181 |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415181121/https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/publications/pub76.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> The basin of the Rhône is the largest and extends up as far north as the [[Jura Mountains]], encompassing areas even on the north side of the [[Alps]].<!--Lake Geneva for example--><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZiKCgAAQBAJ |title=The Central European Magdalenian: Regional Diversity and Internal Variability |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |author=Maier, Andreas |year=2015 |page=187 |isbn=978-94-017-7206-8 |quote=The major geographic features characterizing the landscape are the Rhône-Saône valley, the Jura Mountains, the Molasse basin and the northwestern slopes of the Alps. |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145419/https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZiKCgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> The basins of the Ebro, Po, and Maritsa, are respectively south of the [[Pyrenees]], Alps, and [[Balkan Mountains]], which are the major ranges bordering Southern Europe.

Total annual precipitation is significantly higher on the European part of the Mediterranean basin, especially near the Alps (the 'water tower of Europe') and other high mountain ranges. As a consequence, the [[Discharge (hydrology)|river discharges]] of the Rhône and Po are similar to that of the Nile, despite the latter having a much larger basin.<ref name="UNEP" /> These are the only three rivers with an average discharge of over {{convert|1000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Margat 2004 p4"/> Among large natural fresh bodies of water are [[Lake Victoria]] (Nile basin), [[Lake Geneva]] (Rhône), and the [[Italian Lakes]] (Po). While the Mediterranean watershed is bordered by other river basins in Europe, it is essentially bordered by [[endorheic basin]]s or deserts elsewhere.<!--Depending on whether or not non-active parts of the drainage basin are included-->

The following countries are in the Mediterranean drainage basin while ''not'' having a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea:

* In Europe, through various rivers:<ref name="UNECE"/> [[Andorra]],{{NoteTag|Through the [[Ebro]]}} [[Bulgaria]],{{NoteTag|Through the [[Struma (river)|Struma]], [[Maritsa]] and [[Nestos (river)|Nestos]], see [[Geography of Bulgaria#Hydrography]]}} [[Kosovo]],{{Notetag|Through the [[Drin (river)|Drin]]}} [[North Macedonia]],{{NoteTag|Through the [[Drin (river)|Drin]] and [[Vardar]]}} [[San Marino]],{{NoteTag|Through the [[Marecchia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marino-republic-Europe |title=San Marino |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=22 April 2022 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503170939/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521449/San-Marino |url-status=live }}</ref>}} [[Serbia]],{{NoteTag|Through the [[Struma (river)|Struma]]}} and [[Switzerland]].{{NoteTag|Through the [[Rhône]], [[Po (river)|Po]] and [[Adige]], see [[Hydrology of Switzerland]]}}
* In Africa, through the Nile:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rti.org/impact/nile-river-basin-initiative |title=The Nile River Basin Initiative |date=23 May 2018 |publisher=[[RTI International]] |access-date=14 March 2022 |quote=The longest river in the world, the Nile spans 35 degrees of latitude, drains three million square kilometers of land (one-tenth of the total surface area of Africa), and runs through 11 countries whose combined population totals over 300 million people: Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Nile's primary water source, Lake Victoria, is the world's second-largest body of fresh water, and the Nile Delta in northern Egypt covers over 150 miles of the Mediterranean coastline. |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321232928/https://www.rti.org/impact/nile-river-basin-initiative |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], [[Burundi]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[South Sudan]], [[Sudan]], [[Tanzania]] and [[Uganda]].

===Coastal countries===
{{Main list|List of Mediterranean countries}}
[[File:Area of the Mediterranean.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Map of the Mediterranean Sea from open Natural Earth data, 2020]]

The following countries have a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea:
* '''Northern shore''' (from west to east): [[Spain]], [[France]], [[Monaco]], [[Italy]], [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]], [[Albania]], [[Greece]], [[Turkey]].
* '''Eastern shore''' (from north to south): [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Palestine]], [[Egypt]].
* '''Southern shore''' (from west to east): [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libya]], [[Egypt]].
* '''Island nations''': [[Malta]], [[Cyprus]].

Several other territories also border the Mediterranean Sea (from west to east):
* the [[British overseas territory]] of [[Gibraltar]]
* the Spanish autonomous cities of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] and [[plazas de soberanía|nearby islands]]
* the [[Sovereign Base Areas]] on Cyprus
* the Palestinian [[Gaza Strip]]

===Exclusive economic zone===
[[Exclusive economic zones]] in Mediterranean Sea:<ref name="Sea Around Us">{{Cite web |title=Sea Around Us &#124; Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity |url=http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=seaaroundus.org |archive-date=23 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223181456/http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/793?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10|title=Sea Around Us &#124; Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity|access-date=27 November 2020|archive-date=23 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223181456/http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/793?chart=catch-chart&dimension=taxon&measure=tonnage&limit=10|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%"
|-
!rowspan=2 width=75|Number
!rowspan=2 width=250|Country<!--As listed in [[List of sovereign states]]-->
!colspan=2 width=200|Area
|-
!width=100|km<sup>2</sup>
!width=100|sq mi
|-
| align=center|1 || '''{{ITA}}''' || {{convert|541,915|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|2 || '''{{GRE}}''' || {{convert|493,708|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|3 || '''{{LBA}}''' || {{convert|355,604|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|4 || '''{{ESP}}''' || {{convert|260,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|5 || '''{{EGY}}''' || {{convert|169,125|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|6 || '''{{ALG}}''' || {{convert|128,843|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|7 || '''{{TUN}}''' || {{convert|102,047|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|8 || '''{{FRA}}''' || {{convert|88,389|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|9 || '''{{CYP}}''' || {{convert|80,412|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|10 || '''{{TUR}}''' || {{convert|72,195|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|11|| '''{{CRO}}''' || {{convert|59,032|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|12|| '''{{MLT}}''' || {{convert|55,542|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|13 || '''{{ISR}}''' || {{convert|25,139|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|14 || '''{{LBN}}''' || {{convert|19,265|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|15 || '''{{MAR}}''' || {{convert|18,302|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|16 || '''{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}''' || {{convert|17,676|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|17 || '''{{ALB}}''' || {{convert|13,691|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|18 || '''{{flag|Syria|revolution}}''' || {{convert|10,189|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|19 || '''{{MNE}}''' || {{convert|7,745|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|20 || '''{{PLE}}''' || {{convert|2,591|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|21 || '''{{MON}}''' || {{convert|288|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|22 || '''{{SLO}}''' || {{convert|220|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|23 || '''{{BIH}}''' || {{convert|50|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| align=center|24 || '''{{GBR}}''' || {{convert|6.8 |km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|- style="background:#9acdff;"
!Total
|'''Mediterranean Sea''' || {{convert|2,500,000|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|}

===Coastline length===
The [[Coastline length]] is about {{convert|46,000|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="britannica"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/mediterranean/|title=The Mediterranean – a sea surrounded by land &#124; WWF|access-date=7 September 2020|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907160225/https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/mediterranean/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/3/W4347E/w4347e0s.htm|title=The Mediterranean coast|publisher=FAO|access-date=15 September 2020|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907160227/http://www.fao.org/3/W4347E/w4347e0s.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Coastal cities===
{{Main list|List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea}}

Major cities (municipalities), with populations larger than 200,000 people, bordering the Mediterranean Sea include:
* Algeria: [[Algiers]], [[Annaba]], [[Oran]]
* Egypt: [[Alexandria]], [[Damietta]], [[Port Said]]
* France: [[Marseille]], [[Toulon]], [[Nice]]
* Greece: [[Athens]], [[Thessaloniki]], [[Patras]], [[Heraklion]]
* Israel: [[Ashdod]], [[Haifa]], [[Netanya]], [[Rishon LeZion]], [[Tel Aviv]]
* Italy: [[Bari]], [[Catania]], [[Genoa]], [[Messina]], [[Naples]], [[Palermo]], [[Rome]], [[Pescara]], [[Taranto]], [[Trieste]], [[Venice]]
* Lebanon: [[Beirut]], [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]
* Libya: [[Benghazi]], [[Misrata]], [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]], [[Zawiya, Libya|Zawiya]], [[Zliten]]
* Malta: [[Valletta]]
* Morocco: [[Tétouan]], [[Tangier]]
* Palestine: [[Gaza City]]
* Spain: [[Alicante]], [[Almería]], [[Badalona]], [[Barcelona]], [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]], [[Málaga]], [[Palma de Mallorca]], [[Valencia]].
* Syria: [[Latakia]], [[Tartus]]
* Tunisia: [[Sfax]], [[Sousse]], [[Tunis]]
* Turkey: [[Alanya]], [[Antalya]], [[Çanakkale]], [[İskenderun]], [[İzmir]], [[Mersin]]

===Subdivisions===
[[File:Bucht & Straße von Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|Africa (left, on horizon) and Europe (right), as seen from Gibraltar]]

The [[International Hydrographic Organization]] (IHO) divides the Mediterranean into a number of smaller waterbodies, each with their own designation (from west to east):<ref name="IHO"/>
* the [[Strait of Gibraltar]]
* the [[Alboran Sea]], between Spain and [[Morocco]]
* the [[Balearic Sea]], between mainland Spain and its [[Balearic Islands]]
* the [[Ligurian Sea]] between [[Corsica]] and [[Liguria]] (Italy)
* the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] enclosed by [[Sardinia]], [[Corsica]], [[Italian peninsula]] and [[Sicily]]
* the [[Ionian Sea]] between Italy, [[Albania]] and Greece
* the [[Adriatic Sea]] between Italy, [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]] and [[Albania]]
* the [[Aegean Sea]] between Greece and Turkey

====Other seas====
[[File:Positano - 01.jpg|thumb|[[Positano]], Italy, [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]]]

Some other seas whose names have been in common use from the ancient times, or in the present:
* the [[Sea of Sardinia]], between [[Sardinia]] and [[Balearic Islands]], as a part of the [[Balearic Sea]]
* the [[Sea of Sicily]] between [[Sicily]] and [[Tunisia]]
* the [[Libyan Sea]] between [[Libya]] and [[Crete]]
* In the [[Aegean Sea]],
** the [[Thracian Sea]] in its north
** the [[Myrtoan Sea]] between the [[Cyclades]] and the [[Peloponnese]]
** the [[Sea of Crete]] north of Crete
** the [[Icarian Sea]] between [[Kos]] and [[Chios]]
* the [[Cilician Sea]] between Turkey and [[Cyprus]]
* the [[Levantine Sea]] at the eastern end of the Mediterranean
Many of these smaller seas feature in local myth and folklore and derive their names from such associations.

====Other features====
[[File:Bey-Sannine-BCD.jpg|thumb|View of the [[Saint George Bay]], and snow-capped [[Mount Sannine]] from a tower in the [[Beirut Central District]]]]
[[File:Port Autonome de Marseille.JPG|thumb|The Port of Marseille seen from [[L'Estaque]]]]
[[File:CIty of Saranda Albania 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Sarandë]], Albania, stands on an open-sea gulf of the [[Ionian Sea]] in the central Mediterranean.]]
[[File:Serra de Tramuntana - 6.jpg|thumb|''[[Serra de Tramuntana]]'', [[Mallorca]]]]
In addition to the seas, a number of gulfs and [[strait]]s are recognised:
* the [[Saint George Bay]] in Beirut, Lebanon
* the [[Ras Ibn Hani]] cape in [[Latakia]], [[Syria]]
* the [[Ras al-Bassit]] cape in northern Syria.
* the [[Minet el-Beida]] ("White Harbour") bay near ancient [[Ugarit]], Syria
* the [[Strait of Gibraltar]], connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain from [[Morocco]]
* the [[Bay of Algeciras]], at the southern end of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]
* the [[Gulf of Corinth]], an enclosed sea between the Ionian Sea and the [[Corinth Canal]]
* the [[Pagasetic Gulf]], the gulf of [[Volos]], south of the Thermaic Gulf, formed by the [[Mount Pelion]] peninsula
* the [[Saronic Gulf]], the gulf of [[Athens]], between the Corinth Canal and the [[Mirtoan Sea]]
* the [[Thermaic Gulf]], the gulf of [[Thessaloniki]], located in the northern Greek region of [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]]
* the [[Kvarner Gulf]], [[Croatia]]
* the Gulf of Almeria, southeast of Spain
* the [[Gulf of Lion]], south of France
* the [[Gulf of Valencia]], east of Spain
* the [[Strait of Messina]], between [[Sicily]] and [[Calabria]]n peninsula
* the [[Gulf of Genoa]], northwestern Italy
* the [[Gulf of Venice]], northeastern Italy
* the [[Gulf of Trieste]], northeastern Italy
* the [[Gulf of Taranto]], southern Italy
* the [[Gulf of Saint Euphemia]], southern Italy, with the international airport nearby
* the [[Gulf of Salerno]], southwestern Italy
* the [[Gulf of Gaeta]], southwestern Italy
* the [[Gulf of Squillace]], southern Italy
* the [[Strait of Otranto]], between Italy and [[Albania]]
* the [[Gulf of Haifa]], northern Israel
* the [[Gulf of Sidra]], between [[Tripolitania]] (western Libya) and [[Cyrenaica]] (eastern Libya)
* the [[Strait of Sicily]], between [[Sicily]] and [[Tunisia]]
* the [[Corsica Channel]], between [[Corsica]] and Italy
* the [[Strait of Bonifacio]], between [[Sardinia]] and [[Corsica]]
* the [[Gulf of Antalya]], between west and east shores of Antalya (Turkey)
* the [[Gulf of İskenderun]], between [[İskenderun]] and [[Adana]] (Turkey)
* the [[Gulf of İzmir]], in [[İzmir]] (Turkey)
* the [[Gulf of Fethiye]], in [[Fethiye]] (Turkey)
* the [[Gulf of Kuşadası]], in [[İzmir]] (Turkey)
* the [[Bay of Kotor]], in south-western [[Montenegro]] and south-eastern Croatia
* the [[Malta Channel]], between Sicily and Malta
* the [[Gozo Channel]], between Malta Island and [[Gozo]]

===Largest islands===
{{Main|List of islands in the Mediterranean}}
[[File:Tunisia - Sicily - South Italy.jpg|thumb|The two biggest islands of the Mediterranean: [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]] (Italy)]]
[[File:The Tower of Porto Giunco Beach (Spiaggia Torre Porto Giunco) with a view to the beach and the lake Stagno di Notteri in Sardinia, Italy (48402759012).jpg|thumb|XVI century [[watchtower]] on the coast of Sardinia]]

The Mediterranean Sea encompasses about 10,000 islands and islets, of which about 250 are permanently inhabited.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e799DwAAQBAJ |title=The Mediterranean region under climate change: A scientific update |publisher=[[Institut de recherche pour le développement]] |author=Moatti, Jean-Paul |author2=Thiébault, Stéphane |year=2018 |page=363 |isbn=978-2-7099-2220-3 |quote=With about 10,000 islands and islets (approx. 250 inhabited by humans), the Mediterranean Sea can be considered as one of the largest archipelagos in the world. |access-date=15 April 2022 |archive-date=1 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101145303/https://books.google.com/books?id=e799DwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the table below are listed the ten largest by size.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!rowspan=2|Country
!rowspan=2|Island
!colspan=2|Area
!rowspan=2|Population
|-
!km<sup>2</sup>
!sq mi
|-
|Italy
|[[Sicily]]
|{{convert|25,460|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|5,048,995
|-
|Italy
|[[Sardinia]]
|{{convert|23,821|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,672,804
|-
|Cyprus
|[[Cyprus]]
|{{convert|9,251|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|1,088,503
|-
|Spain
|[[Mallorca]]
|{{convert|3,640|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|869,067
|-
|Greece
|[[Crete]]
|{{convert|8,336|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|623,666
|-
|France
|[[Corsica]]
|{{convert|8,680|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|299,209
|-
|Greece
|[[Euboea]]
|{{convert|3,655|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|218,000
|-
|Tunisia
|[[Djerba]]
|{{convert|514|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|182,911
|-
|Spain
|[[Ibiza]]
|{{convert|572|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|159,180
|-
|Greece
|[[Rhodes]]
|{{convert|1,400|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|117,007
|-
|Greece
|[[Corfu]]
|{{convert|641|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|101,600
|-
|Spain
|[[Menorca]]
|{{convert|696|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|99,005
|-
|Greece
|[[Lesbos]]
|{{convert|1,632|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|90,643
|-
|Greece
|[[Chios]]
|{{convert|842|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|51,936
|}

===Climate===
Much of the Mediterranean coast enjoys a [[Mediterranean climate#Hot-summer Mediterranean climate|hot-summer Mediterranean climate]]. However, most of its southeastern coast has a [[Desert climate#Hot desert climates|hot desert climate]], and much of Spain's eastern (Mediterranean) coast has a [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|cold semi-arid climate]], while most of Italy's northern (Adriatic) coast has a [[humid subtropical climate]]. Although they are rare, [[Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone|tropical cyclones occasionally form in the Mediterranean Sea]], typically in September–November.

{{wide image|Koppen World Map (Mediterranean Sea area only).png|769px|Map of climate zones in the areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]}}

====Sea temperature====
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Mean sea temperature in °C (°F)
|-
!
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!Year

|-
|[[Málaga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.weather2visit.com/europe/spain/malaga.htm|title=Malaga Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Costa del Sol|website=Weather2Visit.com|access-date=4 November 2021|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104190643/https://www.weather2visit.com/europe/spain/malaga.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|18.6|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Barcelona]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/spain/barcelona.php|title=Barcelona Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Spain|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=11 August 2010|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718005932/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/spain/barcelona.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|13|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|12|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|13|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|14|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|17.8|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Marseille]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/france/marseille.php|title=Marseille Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – France|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=11 August 2010|archive-date=16 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916025328/http://weather2travel.com/climate-guides/france/marseille.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|13|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|13|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|13|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|14|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|14|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|16.6|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Naples]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/italy/neapolitan-riviera/naples.php|title=Naples Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Neapolitan Riviera|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=11 August 2010|archive-date=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531065556/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/italy/neapolitan-riviera/naples.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|14|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|14|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|27|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|19|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|19.3|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Malta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/malta/valletta.php|title=Valletta Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Malta – Malta|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=11 August 2010|archive-date=3 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003085828/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/malta/valletta.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|26|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|19.9|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Venice]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/italy/venetian-riviera/venice.php|title=Venice Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Venetian Riviera|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=20 August 2012|archive-date=16 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616170441/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/italy/venetian-riviera/venice.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|11|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|10|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|11|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|13|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|26|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|14|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|17.4|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Athens]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/greece/athens.php|title=Athens Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Greece – Greece|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=11 August 2010|archive-date=27 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527035347/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/greece/athens.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|19|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|19.3|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Heraklion]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/greece/crete/iraklion.php|title=Iraklion Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Crete – Crete|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=11 August 2010|archive-date=26 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026150816/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/greece/crete/iraklion.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|15|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|19|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|19.7|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Antalya]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.weather2travel.com/antalya-coast/antalya/climate/|title=Antalya: Monthly Weather Averages – Antalya Coast – Turkey|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=5 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008080543/https://www.weather2travel.com/antalya-coast/antalya/climate/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|16|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|27|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|29|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|27|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|19|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|21.8|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Limassol]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/cyprus/limassol.php|title=Limassol Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Cyprus|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=11 August 2010|archive-date=29 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529205915/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/cyprus/limassol.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|26|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|28|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|27|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|19|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|21.7|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Mersin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/turkey/mercin.htm|title=Mercin (alternate names – Mersin, Mersina, Mersine): Monthly Weather Averages – Turkey|last=Seatemperature.org|access-date=5 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008193335/https://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/turkey/mercin.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|28|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|29|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|28|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|19|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|22.3|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Tel Aviv]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/israel/tel-aviv.php|title=Tel Aviv Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Israel|website=Weather2Travel.com|access-date=18 December 2010|archive-date=27 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527183424/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/israel/tel-aviv.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|21|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|24|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|27|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|28|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|28|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|26|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|22.3|C|F|abbr=values}}
|-
|[[Alexandria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seatemperature.org/africa/egypt/alexandria.htm|title=Alexandria Climate: Monthly Weather Averages – Egypt|last=Seatemperature.org|access-date=5 October 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308120342/https://www.seatemperature.org/africa/egypt/alexandria.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|17|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|18|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|23|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|26|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|26|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|25|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|22|C|F|abbr=values}}
|{{convert|20|C|F|abbr=values}}
!{{convert|21.4|C|F|abbr=values}}
|}