Editing Mary of Guise (section)

==Arran's regency==
Following James V's death in 1542, the government of Scotland was first entrusted to [[James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran]], as [[regent]]. Henry VIII of England wished the infant [[Mary, Queen of Scots|Mary]] to marry his son, [[Edward VI|Prince Edward]]. This led to internal conflicts in Scotland between those who favoured the marriage and those who preferred the [[Auld Alliance|alliance with France]] and led to an English invasion, the so-called [[Rough Wooing]]. Guise told English diplomat [[Ralph Sadler]] that Regent Arran was a "simple man" and she could easily find out his "whole intent".<ref>Clifford, Arthur, [https://archive.org/details/statepapers01sadl/page/86/mode/2up ''Sadler State Papers'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), p. 86]</ref>

At first Mary of Guise stayed at [[Linlithgow Palace]]. Sadler visited her on 22 March 1543 to see the infant [[Mary, Queen of Scots|Mary]] for the first time. Guise showed him the infant out of her swaddling, to show the child was healthy, because Arran had spread rumours the child was sickly. Sadler wrote that the infant was "as goodly a child I have seen, and like to live". Guise reminded him of Regent Arran's plans to have his son [[James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran|James Hamilton]] marry [[Elizabeth I|Princess Elizabeth]]. Guise tried to get Sadler to intercede with [[Regent Arran]] to release her ally [[David Beaton|Cardinal Beaton]] from imprisonment, alleging his political expertise could be employed to mutual benefit.<ref>Clifford, Arthur, [https://archive.org/stream/statepaperslette01sadluoft#page/86/mode/2up/ ''Sadler State Papers'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), pp. 86–8]</ref>

In April 1543, Arran heard a rumour that Henry VIII now wished to make Mary of Guise his sixth wife. He confronted Mary with this and she prevaricated, learning from him (as she had already guessed) that he told everything to Sadler. She then sent her confidant [[Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming|Lord Fleming]] to Sadler to report the conversation. In turn, Sadler relayed to Henry VIII his account of "every man's tale whereby your grace may perceive the perplexed state of affairs in Scotland."<ref>Strickland, Agnes, ''Lives of the Queens of Scotland'', vol. 2 (London, 1851), pp. 39–41: Clifford, Arthur, ed., ''Sadler State Papers'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), pp. 134–5, Sadler to Henry VIII, 9 April 1543.</ref>

In July 1543 she moved with the infant [[Mary, Queen of Scots|Mary]] to [[Stirling Castle]]. When Ralph Sadler spoke to her again in August, Guise assured him the English marriage would go ahead when Mary was ten years old. In the meantime Mary was safe at Stirling; Guise said she was glad to be at Stirling, and "much she praised there about the house."<ref>Clifford, Arthur, ''Sadler State Papers'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), pp. 249–253, Sadler to Henry VIII, 10 August 1543.</ref>

It soon became clear to Henry VIII that Mary and Edward would not be married, despite Scottish promises and the [[Treaty of Greenwich]], and at the end of 1543 he launched the war now called the Rough Wooing, hoping to turn the situation around. In 1544 she spearheaded an unsuccessful attempt to replace Arran as regent.<ref>{{cite book |last=Blakeway |first=Amy |title=Regency in sixteenth-century Scotland |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |location=Woodbridge |date=2015 |page=73 |isbn=978-1-84383-980-4}}</ref>

=== At Haddington===
After a Scottish defeat at the [[Battle of Pinkie]] in September 1547, French military aid weakened English resolve and increased the power base of Mary of Guise, who remained in Scotland. Equipped with a newly painted spear for her royal standard,<ref>''Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 195.</ref> Mary came to view the progress of the [[siege of Haddington]] in July 1548. On 9 July her party came in range of the English guns and sixteen of her entourage were killed around her.<ref>''Calendar of State Papers Spain'', vol. 9 (London, 1912), p. 569: [https://books.google.com/books?id=UYVCAAAAcAAJ Teulet, A., ed., ''Relations politiques de la France et de l'Espagne avec l'Écosse au XVIe siècle'', vol. 1 (1862), pp. 220–221]</ref><ref>Rosalind K. Marshall, ''Scottish Queens: 1034–1714'' (John Donald: Edinburgh, 2007), p. 118.</ref> Following this terrifying incident, Mary gave one of her gunners at Haddington, Andro Straitoun, a reward of a month's wages, £4 [[Pound Scots|Scots]].<ref>''Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1911), p. 226.</ref>

By the resolution of the Scottish Parliament made at [[Abbey of St Mary, Haddington|Haddington Abbey]] on 7 July,<ref>[http://www.rps.ac.uk/search.php?a=fcf&fn=maryi_ms&id=id4505&t=ms ''Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707'' Haddington Abbey]</ref> the child [[Mary, Queen of Scots|Mary]] was sent to France in August 1548 to be raised with her husband-to-be, the dauphin [[Francis II of France|Francis]], son of [[Henry II of France]]. Guise first planned to sail with Mary from [[Dumbarton Castle|Dumbarton]] as far as [[Whithorn]] where she would make pilgrimage.<ref>''Calendar State Papers Scotland'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 155.</ref> Instead, she returned for a council meeting in Edinburgh.<ref>Rosalind K. Marshall, ''Mary of Guise'' (Collins, 1977), p. 175.</ref>

=== Conclusion of the war ===
At this time, the dedication of the Scottish book, ''[[The Complaynt of Scotland]]'', recalled Mary of Guise's descent from [[Godfrey de Bouillon]] and claimed her courage and virtue exceeded those of the ancient heroines [[Tomyris]], [[Semiramis]] and [[Penthesilea]].<ref>Murray, James AH. ed.,''The Complaynt of Scotland, 1549'' (EETS, 1872), p. 2.</ref>

After negotiating on Christmas Day 1549 at Stirling Castle for more French guns for the siege of [[Broughty Castle]], she showed more prudence by watching the successful assault on Wednesday 6 February 1550 from a vantage point across the Tay. [[Paul de Thermes]] led the French troops, 240 were injured and 50 killed.<ref>Michaud & Poujoulat, {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtxAAAAAcAAJ&q=michaud+poujoulat+nouvelle+guise+aumale&pg=PA1 |title=''Nouvelle Collection des memoirs pour server a l'histoire de France'', vol. 6, (1839)|last1=Michaud|first1=Joseph Fr|year=1839}} 6–7.</ref> The garrison surrendered six days later at midnight.<ref>Cameron, Annie I., ed., ''Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine'' (SHS, 1927), p. 322 note, quoting NRS Arran's ''liber emptorum'', NRS E32.</ref> Mary of Guise was triumphant, writing that "the English had left nothing behind but the plague."<ref>Marcus, Merriman,''The Rough Wooings'' (Tuckwell, 2000), pp. 337–339, 344–345, "ny ont laisse que la peste derriere eulx."</ref>

The peace process began and Scotland was included in the [[Treaty of Boulogne]] of 24 March 1550.<ref>Merriman, Marcus, ''The Rough Wooings'' (Tuckwell, 2000), p. 346.</ref> As part of the treaty, Mary's brother [[Claude, Duke of Aumale|Claude, Marquis de Mayenne]], was one of six French hostages sent to England.<ref>Jordan, W.K., ''Chronicle of Edward VI'' (London, 1966), pp. 22, 24, 26, 27, 29.</ref> After their father died on 12 April 1550, Claude was allowed to come to Scotland with a passport from [[Edward VI]] dated 11 May.<ref>Lodge, Edmund, ''Illustrations of British History'', vol. 1 (London, 1791), p. 137, Lambeth Palace Talbot Mss. vol. B, f.205, Lodge assumes it was Francis, not Claude.</ref> Claude wrote from Edinburgh on 18 May that he would survey the fortifications of the realm.<ref>Michaud & Poujoulat, ''Nouvelle Collection des Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de France'', vol. 6 (Paris, 1839), p. 39.</ref> After the Treaty was signed, Mary was able to travel to France to see her family.