Editing Mary Pickford (section)

== Personal life ==
[[File:Mary Pickford portrait.jpg|thumb|right|Mary Pickford, 1921]]
Pickford was married three times. She married [[Owen Moore]], an Irish-born silent film actor, on January 7, 1911. It is rumored she became pregnant by Moore in the early 1910s and had a [[miscarriage]] or an [[abortion]]. Some accounts suggest this resulted in her later inability to have children.{{sfn|Whitfield|1997|pp=8, 25, 28, 115, 125, 126, 131, 300, 376}} The couple's marriage was strained by Moore's alcoholism, insecurity about living in the shadow of Pickford's fame, and bouts of [[domestic violence]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Corliss |first=Richard |date=1998 |title=Queen of the Movies |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43455302 |journal=Film Comment |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=53–62 |jstor=43455302 |issn=0015-119X}}</ref> The couple lived together on-and-off for several years.{{sfn|Leavey|2011|pp=80–81}}

Pickford became secretly involved in a relationship with [[Douglas Fairbanks]]. They toured the U.S. together in 1918 to promote [[liberty bond]] sales for the World War I effort. Around this time, Pickford also suffered from the flu during the [[Spanish flu|1918 flu pandemic]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Duncan |first=Kirsty |title=Hunting the 1918 Flu: One Scientist's Search for a Killer Virus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8YEFuNHTrToC&pg=PA16 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |year=2006 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-9456-8 |page=16}}</ref> Pickford divorced Moore on March 2, 1920, after she agreed to his $100,000 demand for a settlement ($1.5 million in 2023, adjusted for inflation).{{sfn|Leavey|2011|p=110}} She married Fairbanks just days later on March 28, 1920, in what was described as the "marriage of the century" and they were referred to as the King and Queen of Hollywood.<ref name=varobit/> They went to Europe for their honeymoon; fans in London and in Paris caused riots trying to get to the famous couple. The couple's triumphant return to Hollywood was witnessed by vast crowds who turned out to hail them at railway stations across the United States.

''[[The Mark of Zorro (1920 film)|The Mark of Zorro]]'' (1920) and a series of other swashbucklers gave the popular Fairbanks a more romantic, heroic image. Pickford continued to epitomize the virtuous but fiery girl next door. Even at private parties, people instinctively stood up when Pickford entered a room; she and her husband were often referred to as "Hollywood royalty". Their international reputations were broad. Foreign heads of state and dignitaries who visited the [[White House]] often asked if they could also visit [[Pickfair]], the couple's mansion in Beverly Hills.<ref name="filmbug"/>

Dinners at Pickfair became celebrity events. [[Charlie Chaplin]], Fairbanks' best friend, was often present. Other guests included [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Albert Einstein]], [[Elinor Glyn]], [[Helen Keller]], [[H. G. Wells]], [[Louis Mountbatten|Lord Mountbatten]], [[Fritz Kreisler]], [[Amelia Earhart]], [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]], [[Noël Coward]], [[Max Reinhardt]], [[Baron Nishi]], [[Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko]],<ref name="BertenssonFryer2004">{{cite book|first1=Sergei |last1=Bertensson|first2=Paul |last2=Fryer|first3=Anna |last3=Shoulgat|title=In Hollywood with Nemirovich-Danchenko, 1926–1927: the memoirs of Sergei Bertensson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q-q7vtY7jXUC&pg=PA47|access-date=July 19, 2010|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-4988-4|pages=47–}}</ref> Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], [[Austen Chamberlain]], Sir [[Harry Lauder]], and [[Meher Baba]], among others. However, the public nature of Pickford's second marriage strained it to the breaking point. Both she and Fairbanks had little time off from producing and acting in their films. They were also constantly on display as America's unofficial ambassadors to the world, leading parades, cutting ribbons, and making speeches. When their film careers both began to flounder at the end of the silent era, Fairbanks' restless nature prompted him to overseas travel (something which Pickford did not enjoy). When Fairbanks' romance with [[Sylvia Ashley|Sylvia, Lady Ashley]] became public in the early 1930s, he and Pickford separated. They divorced January 10, 1936. Fairbanks' son by his first wife, [[Douglas Fairbanks Jr.]], claimed his father and Pickford long regretted their inability to reconcile.{{sfn|Whitfield|1997|pp=8, 25, 28, 115, 125, 126, 131, 300, 376}}

On June 24, 1937, Pickford married her third and last husband, actor and band leader Charles "Buddy" Rogers. They adopted two children: Ronald Charles (born 1937, adopted 1943, a.k.a. Ronnie Pickford Rogers), and Roxanne (born 1944, adopted 1944). A PBS ''[[American Experience]]'' documentary described Pickford's relationship with her children as tense. She criticized their physical imperfections, including Ronnie's small stature and Roxanne's crooked teeth. Both children later said their mother was too self-absorbed to provide real maternal love. In 2003, Ronnie recalled that "Things didn't work out that much, you know. But I'll never forget her. I think that she was a good woman".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pickford/peopleevents/p_rogers.html|title=Buddy Rogers, Mary Pickford and Their Children|access-date=August 26, 2007|publisher=American Experience}}</ref>

===Political views===
Pickford supported [[Thomas Dewey]] in the [[1944 United States presidential election]],{{sfn|Critchlow|2013|p=67}} [[Barry Goldwater]] in the [[1964 United States presidential election]],{{sfn|Critchlow|2013|pp=172–173}} and [[Ronald Reagan]] in his [[1966 California gubernatorial election|race for governor in 1966]].{{sfn|Critchlow|2013|p=191}} She was a charter member of the Hollywood Republican Committee.<ref>{{cite news |title=Film Notables Open Drive for G.O.P. President |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 20, 1947 |page=8 }}</ref>

=== Later years and death ===
After retiring from the screen, Pickford became an alcoholic, as her father had been. Her mother Charlotte died of breast cancer in March 1928. Her siblings, Jack and Lottie, died of alcohol-related causes in 1933 and 1936. These deaths, her divorce from Fairbanks, and the end of silent films left Pickford deeply depressed. Her relationship with her adopted children, Roxanne and Ronald, was turbulent at best. Pickford withdrew and gradually became a recluse, remaining almost entirely at Pickfair and allowing visits only from [[Lillian Gish]], her stepson [[Douglas Fairbanks Jr.]], and a few select others. In 1955, she published her memoirs, ''Sunshine and Shadow''.<ref name=Katz/> She had previously published ''Why Not Try God'' in 1934, an essay on spirituality and personal growth, ''My Rendezvous with Life'' (1935), an essay on death and her belief in an afterlife and also a novel in 1935, ''The Demi-Widow''.<ref name=Shipman/><ref name=varobit/>

In the mid-1960s, Pickford often received visitors only by telephone, speaking to them from her bedroom. [[Charles "Buddy" Rogers]] often gave guests tours of [[Pickfair]], including views of a genuine western bar Pickford had bought for Douglas Fairbanks, and a portrait of Pickford in the drawing room. A print of this image now hangs in the [[Library of Congress]].<ref name="ushistory"/> When Pickford received an [[Academy Honorary Award]] in 1976, the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|Academy]] sent a TV crew to her house to record her short statement of thanks—offering the public a very rare glimpse into Pickfair Manor.<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vXhqrbSeOE |title=The 48th Annual Academy Awards |date=March 29, 1976 |type=Television production |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Charitable events continued to be held at Pickfair, including an annual Christmas party for blind war veterans, mostly from World War I.<ref name=varobit/>
[[File:Mary Pickford posing with a group of employees during her visit to the General Engineering Company (Canada) munitions factory (I0004930).tif|thumb|Mary Pickford posing with a group of employees during her visit to the General Engineering Company (Canada) munitions factory on June 5, 1943]]
Pickford acquired American citizenship when she married Fairbanks, an American citizen, in 1920. MGM agent William A. Orr reported to the US Congress in 1932 that Pickford was an American citizen.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TLEYAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA19 |page=19 |title=Hearings |publisher=[[United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration Integrity, Security, and Enforcement|Committee on Immigration and Naturalization]], US Congress |date=1932 }}</ref> Pickford also believed that she had ceased to be a [[British subject]] upon marrying Fairbanks.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=April 30, 1949|title=Mary Pickford Files TV Bid |magazine=Billboard |page=14|issn=0006-2510}}</ref> However, she held and traveled under British and later Canadian passports which she renewed regularly at the British and Canadian consulates in Los Angeles. She also owned a house in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Towards the end of her life, Pickford made arrangements with the Canadian Department of Citizenship to officially acquire Canadian citizenship because she wished to "die as a Canadian". Canadian authorities were not sure that she had ever lost her Canadian citizenship, given her passport status, but her request was approved and she officially became a Canadian citizen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Colombo|first=John Robert|title=Fascinating Canada: A Book of Questions and Answers|year=2011|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=978-1-55488-923-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/fascinatingcanad0000colo/page/20 20]|url=https://archive.org/details/fascinatingcanad0000colo/page/20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YJlVAAAAIBAJ&pg=2767,848052&dq=mary+pickford+citizenship&hl=en|title=City, fans honor Mary Pickford|date=May 18, 1983|work=The Leader-Post|pages=D–8|access-date=November 26, 2012}}</ref>

[[File:Mary Pickford Tomb.JPG|thumb|The tomb of actress Mary Pickford in the Garden of Memory, Forest Lawn Glendale]]
On May 29, 1979, Pickford died at a [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]] hospital of complications from a [[cerebral hemorrhage]] she had suffered the week before.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19790530&id=GkgjAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637,4772311|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124175355/http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19790530&id=GkgjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Kc0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637,4772311|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 24, 2013|title=Mary Pickford Is Dead at 86|date=May 30, 1979|work=The Palm Beach Post|access-date=November 26, 2012}}</ref> She was interred in the Garden of Memory of the [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]] cemetery in [[Glendale, California]].