Editing Marcomanni (section)

==The Vannius regime==
Catualda's victory was short-lived. He was in turn deposed by [[Vibilius]] of the [[Hermunduri]] that same year he came to power, 19 AD. The subjects of Maroboduus and Catualda, presumably mainly Marcomanni, were moved by the Romans to an area near the Danube, between the [[Morava (river)|Morava]] and "Cusus" rivers, and placed under the control of the Quadian king [[Vannius]]. There are proposals that the Romans were deliberately trying to create a buffer state with this settlement, but there is no consensus about this.{{sfn|Hofeneder|2003|p=628}} The area where Vannius ruled over the Marcomanni exiles is generally considered to have been a state distinct from the old Quadi kingdom itself. Unfortunately the Cusus river has not been identified with certainty. However, Slovak archaeological research locates a core area of the Vannius kingdom was probably in the fertile southwestern Slovakian lowlands around [[Trnava]], east of the [[Little Carpathians]].{{sfn|Hofeneder|2003|p=629}} On the other hand, at the same time there were similar increases in activity west of the Little Carpathians near the Morava.{{sfn|Tejral|2001a|p=303}}

Vannius personally benefitted from the new situation and became very wealthy and unpopular. He was himself eventually also deposed by Vibilius and the Hermunduri, working together with the [[Lugii]] from the north, in 50/51 AD. Vannius's soldiers during this conflict are described here as infantry, but he also called for cavalry from his [[Sarmatian]] allies and neighbours, the [[Iazyges]], who lived in what is now Hungary. This revolt by Vibilius was coordinated with the nephews of Vannius, [[Vangio and Sido]], who then divided his realm between themselves as loyal Roman client kings.<ref>{{harvtxt|Hofeneder|2003|pp=628-629}} citing Tacitus, ''The Annals'' [[wikisource:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 2#63|2.63]], [[wikisource:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 12#29|12.29]], [[wikisource:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 12#30|12.30]].</ref> Vannius was defeated and fled with his followers across the Danube, where they were assigned land in Roman [[Pannonia]]. This settlement is associated with Germanic finds from the 1st century AD in [[Burgenland]], west of [[Lake Neusiedl]].{{sfn|Hofeneder|2003|p=629}}{{sfn|Kolník|2003|p=632}} 

The Marcomanni are not specifically mentioned much in subsequent generations, possibly because they were now politically part of the Vannian regime which was centred around the Quadian powerbases closer to the Danube. Archaeological and other evidence indicates that the Marcomanni population also more generally moved, or at least became more active, to the southeast near the [[Morava (river)|Morava]] river, while the Quadi and the Vannian kingdom expanded further east in the direction of what is now Hungary. Archaeological evidence shows further increase in the Germanic population just north of the Danube after the fall of Vannius, in present day Lower Austria, Moravia and western Slovakia. At the same time this region also received increasing amounts of imports from within the empire. The organization of the Marcomanni and Quadi states into different kingdoms is not made clear by surviving evidence, but it is believed that by this time the Marcomanni kingdom now came to stretch into this Danubian area, probably including areas in Moravia and Lower Austria, west of the Little Carpathians.{{sfn|Tejral|2001a|p=304}}

In 69 AD, the "[[Year of the Four Emperors]]", two kings Sido and Italicus, the latter perhaps the son of Vangio, fought on the side of [[Vespasian]] in a Roman civil war. Tacitus described them as kings of the Suebians, and emphasized their loyalty to Rome. They were present at the [[Battle_of_Bedriacum#Second_Battle_of_Bedriacum|second battle of Bedriacum]] in 69 AD at [[Cremona]].<ref>{{harvtxt|Kehne|2001a|p=295}} citing Tacitus, ''History'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0080%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D5 3.5]</ref>

The Quadi and Marcomanni had a long and relatively stable relationship with the Romans but this was interrupted under emperor Domitian during the years 89-97 AD, after the Quadi and Marcomanni refused to assist in a conflict against the Dacians. In 89 AD, according to Dio Cassius, Domitian entered Pannonia to make war, killed the peace envoys sent to him, and was then defeated by the Marcomanni. This campaign was referred to as the war against the Suebi, or the Suebi and Sarmatians, or the Marcomanni, Quadi and Sarmatians. The relationship then stabilized again in the time of emperor [[Nerva]] (reigned 96-98).<ref>{{harvtxt|Kolník|2003|pp=632-633}}{{harvtxt|Kehne|2001a|p=295}}. See Dio Cassius [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/67*.html 67]</ref>