Editing Mangrove (section)

===Limiting water loss===
[[File:Water filtration in mangrove roots.webp|thumb|360px|Seawater filtration in the root of the mangrove ''[[Rhizophora stylosa]]''. (a)&nbsp;Schematic of the root. The outermost layer is composed of three layers. The root is immersed in NaCl solution. (b)&nbsp;Water passes through the outermost layer when a negative suction pressure is applied across the outermost layer. The [[Donnan potential]] effect repels [[Chloride|Cl<sup>−</sup> ions]] from the first sublayer of the outermost layer. [[Sodium|Na<sup>+</sup> ions]] attach to the first layer to satisfy the electro-neutrality requirement and salt retention eventually occurs.<ref name=Kim2016>{{cite journal | last1=Kim | first1=Kiwoong | last2=Seo | first2=Eunseok | last3=Chang | first3=Suk-Kyu | last4=Park | first4=Tae Jung | last5=Lee | first5=Sang Joon | title=Novel water filtration of saline water in the outermost layer of mangrove roots | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=6 | issue=1 | date=5 February 2016 | page=20426 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/srep20426| pmid=26846878 | pmc=4742776 | bibcode=2016NatSR...620426K }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>]]

Because of the limited fresh water available in salty intertidal soils, mangroves limit the amount of water they lose through their leaves. They can restrict the opening of their [[stomata]] (pores on the leaf surfaces, which exchange [[carbon dioxide]] gas and water vapor during photosynthesis). They also vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the harsh midday sun and so reduce evaporation from the leaves. A captive red mangrove grows only if its leaves are misted with fresh water several times a week, simulating frequent tropical rainstorms.<ref>{{cite web |author=Calfo |first=Anthony |year=2006 |title=Mangroves for the Marine Aquarium |url=http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-12/ac/feature/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201145128/http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-12/ac/feature/index.php |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=8 February 2012 |website=Reefkeeping |publisher=Reef Central}}</ref>