Editing Mango (section)

== Cultivation ==
The mango is now cultivated in most [[frost]]-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates. It is cultivated extensively in South Asia, Southeast Asia, [[East Africa|East]] and West Africa, the tropical and subtropical Americas, and the [[Caribbean]].<ref name="Altendorf">{{cite book |last1=Altendorf |first1=S. |title=Major Tropical Fruits: Market Review 2018 |date=2019 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |location=Rome |url=http://www.fao.org/3/ca5692en/ca5692en.pdf}}</ref> Mangoes are also grown in [[Andalusia]], Spain (mainly in [[Province of Málaga|Málaga province]]), as its coastal subtropical climate is one of the few places in mainland Europe that permits the growth of tropical plants and fruit trees. The [[Canary Islands]] are another notable Spanish producer of the fruit. Other minor cultivators include North America (in South Florida and the California [[Coachella Valley]]), Hawai'i, and Australia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Litz |first=Richard E. |title=The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-84593-489-7 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Wallingford, UK |pages=606–627}}</ref>

Many commercial [[cultivar]]s grown in Europe are grafted onto the cold-hardy rootstock of the ''Gomera-1'' mango cultivar, originally from Cuba. Its root system is well adapted to a coastal Mediterranean climate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=820_2 |title=actahort.org |publisher=actahort.org |access-date=31 January 2013 |archive-date=28 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228000410/http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?booknrarnr=820_2 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Many of the 1,000+ mango cultivars are easily [[agriculture|cultivated]] using grafted saplings, ranging from the "turpentine mango" (named for its strong taste of [[turpentine]]<ref>According to the ''[[Oxford Companion to Food]]''</ref>) to the Bullock's Heart. Dwarf or semidwarf varieties serve as [[ornamental plant]]s and can be grown in containers. A [[List of mango diseases|wide variety of diseases]] can afflict mangoes.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}
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Mango is mentioned by [[Hendrik van Rheede]], the Dutch commander of the [[Malabar region]] in his 1678 book, ''[[Hortus Malabaricus]]'', about plants having economic value.<ref>{{cite web |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8VWN_LnFZKwC}} |title=Hendrik Adriaan Van Reed Tot Drakestein 1636–1691 and Hortus, Malabaricus |work=google.co.in |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> When mangoes were first imported to the [[Thirteen colonies|American colonies]] in the 17th century, they had to be [[Pickling|pickled]] because of lack of [[refrigeration]]. Other fruits were also pickled and came to be called "mangoes", especially [[bell pepper]]s, and in the 18th century, the word "mango" became a verb meaning "to pickle".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Creed |first=Richard |date=5 September 2010 |title=Relative Obscurity: Variations of antigodlin grow |url=http://www.journalnow.com/opinion/columnists/relative-obscurity-variations-of-antigodlin-grow/article_d508f681-bdf9-53fa-b8a7-f305637801c8.html |work=[[Winston-Salem Journal]] |type=Opinion |access-date=6 September 2010 |quote=One plausible explanation of the usage [calling a green pepper a mango] is this: Mangos (the real thing) that were imported into the American colonies were from the East Indies. Transport was slow. Refrigeration was not available, so the mangos were pickled for shipment. Because of that, people began referring to any pickled vegetable or fruit as a mango ... bell peppers stuffed with spiced cabbage and pickled ... became so popular that bell peppers, pickled or not, became known as mangos. In the early 18th century, mango became a verb meaning to pickle.}}</ref>-->
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width:13em; text-align:center"
|+ Mango* production <br /><small> 2023, millions of tonnes<br /></small>
|-
| {{IND}} ||26.2
|-
| {{IDN}} ||4.1
|-
| {{CHN}} ||3.9
|-
| {{MEX}} ||2.7
|-
| {{PAK}} ||2.6
|-
| {{BRA}} ||2.3
|-
| {{MWI }} ||2.1
|-
| {{EGY}} ||1.7
|-
| {{BGD}} ||1.5
|-
| '''World''' || '''61.1'''
|-
|colspan=2|<small>*includes mangosteens and guavas.</small><br /><small> Source: [[FAOSTAT]] of the United Nations</small><ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title= Production of mangoes, mangosteens, and guavas in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)|year=2024|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=29 May 2024}}</ref>
|}

A breakthrough in mango cultivation was the use of [[potassium nitrate]] and [[ethrel]] to induce flowering in mangoes. The discovery was made by [[Filipino people|Filipino]] [[horticulturist]] [[Ramon Barba]] in 1974 and was developed from the unique traditional method of inducing mango flowering using smoke in the Philippines. It allowed mango plantations to induce regular flowering and fruiting year-round. Previously, mangoes were seasonal because they only flowered every 16 to 18 months. The method is now used in most mango-producing countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Scientist, the Patent and the Mangoes – Tripling the Mango Yield in the Philippines |url=https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=2516 |website=World Intellectual Property Organization |access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="nagao">{{cite book|first1= Mike A.|last1=Nagao|first2= Melvin S.|last2=Nishina|editor1-first=C.L.|editor1-last=Chia|editor2-first=D.O.|editor2-last=Evans|title =Proceedings, Conference on Mango in Hawaii; March 9-11, 1993|chapter =Use of Potassium Nitrate on Mango Flowering|publisher =University of Hawaii|year =1993|pages=61–66|hdl=10125/16493|url =https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/16493}}</ref>