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===Manipravalam=== {{Main|Manipravalam}} While the ''Pattu'' school flourished among certain sections of the society, the literature of the elite was composed in the curious mixture of [[Sanskrit]] and Malayalam which is referred to as ''[[Manipravalam]]'', ''mani'' meaning ruby (Malayalam) and ''pravalam'' meaning coral (Sanskrit).<ref>Ke Rāmacandr̲an Nāyar (1971). ''Early Manipravalam: a study.'' Anjali. Foreign Language Study. pp.78</ref> ''[[Lilathilakam]]'', a work on grammar and rhetoric, written in the last quarter of the 14th century discusses the relationship between ''Manipravalam'' and ''Pattu'' as poetic forms.<ref>{{cite book|last=Menon|first=T. K. Krishna|title=A Primer of Malayalam Literature|year=1990|publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9GbBVfrm4gC|isbn=978-81-206-0603-6}}</ref> It lays special emphasis on the types of words that blend harmoniously. It points out that the rules of Sanskrit prosody should be followed in ''Manipravalam'' poetry. This particular school of poetry was patronised by the upper classes, especially the [[Nambudiri]]s. Dramatic performances given in ''[[Koothambalam]]s'', known by the names of ''[[Koothu]]'' and ''[[Koodiyattom]]'', often used Sanskrit and Malayalam. In ''Koodiyattom'', the clown (''vidooshaka'') is allowed to use Malayalam while the hero recites ''slokas'' in Sanskrit. [[Tholan]], a legendary court poet in the period of the [[Chera dynasty|Kulasekhara]] kings, is believed to have started this practice. The earliest of these works in the ''Manipravalam'' school is ''Vaisika Tantram'' written in the 13th century. It contains about 200 quatrains in Sanskrit metres and is in the form of professional advice given to a prostitute or courtesan by her mother. Each quatrain is composed with care and due weight is given to the rules of rhetoric. Several quatrains of this type are quoted in ''Lilathilakam'' by way of illustration for the several rules of grammar and rhetoric. The most representative of the early ''Manipravalam'' works are the tales of courtesans (''[[Manipravala champu|Achi Charitams]]'') and the Message Poems (''[[Sandesa Kavya]]s''). ''Unniyachi Charitam, [[Unnichiruthevi Charitham|Unnichiruthevi Charitam]]'' and ''Unniyadi Charitam'' are examples of the former type which is known by the name ''[[Manipravala champu|champu]]''. The ''Padya'' (verse) portion is in Sanskrit metres and the ''Gadya'' (prose) portion is mostly in Dravidian metres. Authorship of ''Unniyachi Charitam'' and ''Unnichiruthevi Charitam'' is not known and only a portion of the works is now available. ''Unniyadi Charitam'', which also exists in a fragmented form, is supposed to be written by Damodara Chakkiar. The ''Sandesa Kavyas'' are an important poetic genre in Sanskrit, and on the model of [[Kalidasa]]'s ''[[Meghadūta]]'' and Lakshmidasa's ''Sukasandesa'', a number of message poems came to be written first in ''Manipravalam'' and later in pure Malayalam. The best known among these ''sandesas'' is perhaps ''[[Unnuneeli Sandesam]]'' written in the 14th century. The poem is written under the pen-name Amruthanilakshi, and some believe that it was written in 1362 CE. The exact identity of the author remains a mystery, but it is widely believed that one of the members of the [[Travancore]] Royal Family wrote it. The next work to be mentioned is ''Ramakathapattu'', as it is popularly known, though the author calls it ''Ramayanakavyam''. The author is Ayyappilli Asan who lived sometime about 1400 CE at Auvatutura near [[Kovalam]] and whom P. K. Narayana Pillai, who discovered the full text of the book in 1965, calls "the [[Homer]] of Malayalam." ''Ramakathapattu'' contains 3163 songs in 279 ''Vrittas'' or parts.<ref name="Datta">{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature |author=Amaresh Datta |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |page=50 }}</ref>
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