Editing Madeira wine (section)

===Climate and geography===
[[File:Vinice Madeira Santana.JPG|thumb|left|Vineyard growing among other cultures in the [[tropical climate|tropical influenced]] climate near Santana, Madeira.]]

The island of Madeira has an [[oceanic climate]] with some [[tropical climate|tropical influences]]. With high rainfall and average mean temperature of 66&nbsp;°F (19&nbsp;°C), the threats of [[fungal]] [[grape diseases]] and [[botrytis cinerea|botrytis]] rot are constant [[viticultural]] hazards. To combat these threats, Madeira vineyards are often planted on low [[trellises (vine)|trellises]], known as ''latada'', that raise the [[canopy (grape)|canopy]] of the vine off the ground similar to a style used in the [[Vinho Verde]] region of Portugal. The terrain of the mountainous volcanic island is difficult to cultivate, so vineyards are planted on man-made [[Terrace (agriculture)|terraces]] of red and brown [[basalt]]ic [[bedrock]]. These terraces, known as ''poios'', are very similar to the terraces of the [[Douro]] that make Port wine production possible. The use of mechanical [[harvest (wine)|harvesting]] and vineyard equipment is near impossible, making wine grape growing a costly endeavor on the island.<ref name="Oxford pg 416-419"/> Many vineyards have in the past been ripped up for commercial tourist developments or replanted with such products as bananas for commercial concerns. Some replanting is taking place on the island; however, the tourist trade is generally seen as a more lucrative business than wine-making.<ref name="Sotheby pg 340-341">{{Citation | first=T. |last=Stevenson | title =The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia | publisher = Dorling Kindersley |year = 2005 | isbn= 0-7566-1324-8}}. Pages 340-341.</ref> Most of the grapes, grown by around 2100 grape growers are from vines planted on small plots of land from which the grape growers survive by making an income from a variety of different inter-grown crops.