Editing Maasai people (section)

=== Y-DNA ===

A [[Y chromosome]] study by Wood et al. (2005) tested various Sub-Saharan populations, including 26 Maasai men from Kenya, for paternal lineages. The authors observed haplogroup [[Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]]-M35 (not M78) in 35% of the studied Maasai.<ref name="Wood2005">{{cite journal|first1=Elizabeth T. |last1=Wood |first2=Daryn A. |last2=Stover |first3=Christopher |last3=Ehret |first4=Giovanni |last4=Destro-Bisol |first5=Gabriella |last5=Spedini |first6=Howard |last6=McLeod |first7=Leslie |last7=Louie |first8=Mike |last8=Bamshad |first9=Beverly I. |last9=Strassmann |first10=Himla |last10=Soodyall |first11=Michael F. |last11=Hammer |url=https://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/WoodEJHG2005.pdf |title=Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227061248/http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/WoodEJHG2005.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2010 |journal=[[European Journal of Human Genetics]] |date=2005 |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=867–876|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408 |pmid=15856073 |s2cid=20279122 }} (cf. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629001717/http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v13/n7/extref/5201408x1.gif Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies])</ref> E1b1b-M35-M78 in 15%, their ancestor with the more northerly Cushitic men, who possess the haplogroup at high frequencies<ref name="Cruciani2004">{{cite journal |last=Cruciani |display-authors=etal |date=May 2004 |title=Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa |url=http://www.ajhg.org/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(07)64365-1?large_figure=true |url-status=dead |journal=[[American Journal of Human Genetics]] |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=1014–1022 |doi=10.1086/386294 |pmc=1181964 |pmid=15042509 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130112051341/http://www.ajhg.org/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(07)64365-1?large_figure=true |archive-date=12 January 2013}}</ref> lived more than 13,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://e-v22.net/the-phylogenetic-tree-based-on-snp-data/ |title=The phylogenetic tree based on SNP data – Y-DNA haplogroup E-V22 |access-date=2020-01-30 |archive-date=2020-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216132256/http://e-v22.net/the-phylogenetic-tree-based-on-snp-data/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- E1b1b is at least 24 000 years old. It alone cannot be used to judge recent events. --> The second most frequent paternal lineage among the Maasai was [[Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)#A3b2-M13|Haplogroup A3b2]], which is commonly found in Nilotic populations, such as the [[Alur people|Alur]];<ref name="Wood2005" /><ref name="Hassan">{{Cite journal |last=Hassan |year=2008 |title=Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history. |journal=[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]] |volume=137 |issue=3 |pages=316–23 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20876 |pmid=18618658}}</ref> it was observed in 27% of Maasai men. The third most frequently observed paternal DNA marker in the Maasai was [[Haplogroup E-M2|E1b1a1-M2]] (E-P1), which is very common in the Sub-Saharan region; it was found in 12% of the Maasai samples. [[Haplogroup B-M60]] was also observed in 8% of the studied Maasai,<ref name="Wood2005" /> which is also found in 30% (16/53) of Southern Sudanese Nilotes.<ref name="Hassan" />