Editing Mönchengladbach (section)

===Recent history===
In 1815, Gladbach became part of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and seat of the [[Gladbach (district)|Landkreis Gladbach]], which was dissolved in 1929. In 1815 Gladbach became seat of the Bürgermeisterei (Office of mayor), which was split in 1859 into two parts: the City of Gladbach and Office of Mayor Obergeburth. The latter was renamed to München-Gladbach-Land in 1907.

From 1933 through 1975, the neighborhood of [[Rheydt]] was an independent city; the split from München-Gladbach was arranged by [[Joseph Goebbels]], who was born locally. After reuniting with Mönchengladbach, the central station ([[Rheydt Hauptbahnhof]]) kept its original name, making Mönchengladbach the only city in Germany to have two rail stations each called Hauptbahnhof.

In response to the 10 May 1940 [[German invasion of Belgium (1940)|German invasion of Belgium]], Mönchengladbach was bombed by [[RAF Bomber Command]] on the evening of 11 May. The bomber crews were attempting to interdict German troop movements on roads, intersections and rail lines in the area, especially the city's railyards. About half of the approximately 36 twin-engine [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) bombers reportedly hit their targets, and three were shot down.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZePSUx1FsgC&pg=PT27 |page=27 |title=Among the Dead Cities: Is the Targeting of Civilians in War Ever Justified? |last=Grayling |first=A. C. |publisher=A&C Black |year=2011 |isbn=9781408827901}}</ref><ref name=Diefendorf1993>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCPX9ZLlGzgC&pg=PA5 |page=5 |title=In the Wake of War : The Reconstruction of German Cities after World War II: The Reconstruction of German Cities after World War II |first=Jeffry M. |last=Diefendorf |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |isbn=9780195361094}}</ref> Four people were killed on the ground, including a British woman living in Germany.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSFMCCCJUysC&pg=PA42 |pages=41–2 |title=Bomber Command: Reflections of War |last=Bowman |first=Martin |publisher=Casemate |year=2011 |isbn=9781848844926}}</ref>

[[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|Forced laborers]] of the 3rd [[SS construction brigade]] were dispatched in the city in 1943.<ref>{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=1385|isbn=978-0-253-35328-3}}</ref>

Eventually, the Prussian [[Rhine Province]] was dissolved after [[World War II]], and the city became part of the new state of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] which was formed in 1946.

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+Largest groups of foreign residents
|-\
!Nationality || Population (31.12 2022)
|-
|[[Turkey]] || 6,614
|-
|[[Poland]] || 4,538
|-
|[[Syria]] || 4,027
|-
|[[Romania]] ||  3,266
|-
|[[Bulgaria]] || 2,872
|-
|[[Ukraine]] ||2,643
|-
|[[Spain]] ||2,326
|-
|[[Italy]] ||1,860
|-
|[[Greece]] ||1,651
|-
|[[Netherlands]]||1,437
|}