Editing Lumber (section)

==Conversion of wood logs==
[[File:L' usine de transformation de bois Kotkamills Oy à Kotka.jpg|thumb|A [[sawmill]] with the [[Log driving|floating logs]] in [[Kotka]], [[Finland]]]]
Logs are ''converted'' into lumber by being sawn, [[Hewing|hewn]], or [[Wood splitting|split]]. Sawing with a [[rip saw]] is the most common method, because sawing allows logs of lower quality, with irregular grain and large knots, to be used and is more economical. There are various types of sawing:
* Plain sawn (flat sawn, through and through, bastard sawn) – A log sawn through without adjusting the position of the log and the grain runs across the width of the boards.
* [[Quarter sawing|Quarter sawn]] and [[Rift sawing|rift sawn]] – These terms have been confused in history but generally mean lumber sawn so the annual rings are reasonably perpendicular to the sides (not edges) of the lumber.
* Boxed heart – The [[pith]] remains within the timber, post or beam, with some allowance for exposure.
* Heart center – the center core of a log.
* Free of heart center (FOHC) – A side-cut timber, post or beam without any pith.
* Free of knots (FOK) – No knots are present.