Editing Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (section)

=== Elections ===
[[File:Lula's presidential inauguration, 2007.jpg|thumb|Lula climbs ramp leading to the [[Palácio do Planalto]] with Vice President [[José Alencar]] for the [[Brazilian presidential inauguration|official ceremony]] marking the beginning of their second term, 2007]]
Lula first ran for office in 1982 for the state government of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], but lost with 11% of the vote. Cuban president [[Fidel Castro]] urged him to continue on as a politician, during a trip by Lula to Cuba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=31 October 2022 |title=Lula: the rise and fall and rise again of Brazil's president-elect |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/31/luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-brazil-presidency-election-profile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031104547/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/31/luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-brazil-presidency-election-profile |archive-date=31 October 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/the-story-of-lula-how-a-shoe-shiner-became-brazils-beloved-president-8357206/|title=The story of Lula: how a shoe-shiner became Brazil's beloved president|isbn=978-0520261556|date=3 January 2023|author=Arjun Sengupta|work=Indian Express|publisher=University of California Press|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=25 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225000607/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-global/the-story-of-lula-how-a-shoe-shiner-became-brazils-beloved-president-8357206/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1986 election, Lula won a seat in the [[National Congress of Brazil|National Congress]] with the most votes nationwide.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 October 2006 |title=Com votação recorde, Lula chega ao segundo mandato |url=https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Eleicoes/0,,AA1330800-6282,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002559/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Eleicoes/0,,AA1330800-6282,00.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=3 October 2010 |work=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |publisher=[[Grupo Globo]] |location=[[São Paulo]]}}</ref>

In 1989, Lula ran for president as the PT candidate. Lula advocated immediate land reform and that Brazil [[default (finance)|default]] on its [[external debt]]. A minor candidate, [[Fernando Collor de Mello]], quickly amassed support with a more business-friendly agenda and by taking emphatic anti-corruption positions. He beat Lula in the second round of the [[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989 elections]]. Lula decided not to run for re-election as a Congressman in 1990.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r-dMAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22lula%22+%221990%22+election&pg=RA1-PA49 | title=The Oxford Companion to Comparative Politics | isbn=978-0-19-973859-5 | last1=Krieger | first1=Joel | date=28 February 2024 | publisher=Oup USA }}</ref>

Lula ran again for president, and lost again, in the next two Brazilian elections. Former [[PSDB]] Minister of Finance [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] defeated Lula who received only 27% of the vote in the presidential elections in [[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]], and again, by a somewhat smaller margin, as Lula garnered only 32% of the vote in [[1998 Brazilian general election|1998]].

An article in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' said that before 2002, Lula had been a "strident [[union organizer]] known for his bushy beard and [[Che Guevara]] T-shirts".<ref name="WPost">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/03/AR2010100304612_pf.html|title=Brazilian president's handpicked successor leads, faces runoff|first=Juan|last=Forero|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=4 October 2010|access-date=4 September 2017|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101223415/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/03/AR2010100304612_pf.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 2002 campaign, Lula abandoned both his informal clothing style and his platform plank that Brazil should not pay its foreign debt unless it links the payment to a prior thorough audit. This last point had worried economists, businessmen, and banks, who feared that even a partial Brazilian default would have a massive ripple effect through the world economy. Lula in  the [[2002 Brazilian general election|2002 election]], defeated PSDB candidate [[José Serra]] in a runoff, to become the country's first [[leftist]] president following the fall of the [[military dictatorship in Brazil]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} In the [[2006 Brazilian general election|2006 election]], Lula won a [[Two-round system|run-off]] over the PSDB's [[Geraldo Alckmin]].<ref name="2006-election">{{cite news |date=30 October 2006 |title=Brazil re-elects President Lula |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6095820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112054214/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6095820.stm |archive-date=12 January 2009 |access-date=27 April 2007 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref>

In September 2018, Brazil's top electoral court banned Lula from running for president in [[2018 Brazilian general election|2018]] due to his corruption conviction, in accordance with Brazil's ''[[Lei da Ficha Limpa]]'' law.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lopes |first=Marina |date=31 August 2018 |title=Brazil's jailed former president Lula barred from running again by electoral court |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/brazils-jailed-former-president-lula-barred-from-running-again-by-electoral-court/2018/08/31/88cfcb7c-ac9b-11e8-9a7d-cd30504ff902_story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901082125/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/brazils-jailed-former-president-lula-barred-from-running-again-by-electoral-court/2018/08/31/88cfcb7c-ac9b-11e8-9a7d-cd30504ff902_story.html |archive-date=1 September 2018 |access-date=1 September 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |location=[[São Paulo]]}}</ref> Instead, [[Fernando Haddad]] ran for president on the Workers Party ticket, and was defeated by [[Jair Bolsonaro]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paraguassu |first1=Lisandra |date=11 September 2018 |title=Brazil's jailed former leader Lula ends presidential bid |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-idUSKCN1LR08N |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124508/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-idUSKCN1LR08N |archive-date=9 February 2019 |access-date=9 February 2019 |newspaper=[[Reuters]] |location=[[Curitiba]]}}</ref>