Editing Llandaff Cathedral (section)

===Post-medieval to Victorian period===
[[File:Speed Llandaf insert.jpg|thumb|left|A depiction of the cathedral from [[John Speed|Speed]]'s 1610 map of Wales]]
During the [[English Civil War]], the cathedral was overrun by Parliamentarian troops. Along with other destruction, the troops seized the books of the cathedral library, taking them to [[Cardiff Castle]], where they were burned along with many copies of the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]''. Among those invited to the castle to warm themselves by the fire on that cold winter day, were the wives of some sequestered clergymen.{{sfn|Willis|1719|p=32}}{{sfn|Storer|Storer|1817|p=l}}<!-- Comment Pages of this old book are lettered rather than numbered-->{{efn|The library was later reestablished by [[Francis Davies (bishop)|Bishop Francis Davies]].{{sfn|Willis|1719|p=25}}{{sfn|Storer|Storer|1817|p=l}}}} Also during this time of unrest, a man named Milles, who claimed to be a practising [[Puritans|Puritan]], appropriated portions of the cathedral for his own gain. Milles set up a [[Public house|tavern]] in the cathedral, used part of it as a [[stable]], turned the choir area into a pen for his [[Calf (animal)|calves]] and used the [[Baptismal font|font]] as a [[manger|trough]] for his pigs.{{sfn|Clifton|Willmott|1907|p=26}}{{sfn|James|1898|p=27}}{{efn|Diagram shows the choir area was on the ground floor.{{sfn|Freeman|1850|p=xviii}}}}

The southwest tower suffered major damage in the [[Great Storm of 1703]] and by 1720, was in a state of collapse.{{efn|An account of the cathedral by Browne Willis in 1719 describes this tower as looking ruinous. Willis went on to say that the tower once had coarse battlements at the top and four small pinacles at the corners; most of the battlements had fallen down. Willis described the Jasper tower as being in good repair in 1719, but said that the Great Storm of 1703 removed many of this tower's battlements at its top and also two of its corner pinacles. The strong south wind blew these stones into the church yard. {{sfn|Willis|1719|p=2}}}} The damage to the cathedral was so extensive that the church seriously considered removal of the [[Episcopal see|see]] to Cardiff in 1717.{{sfn|Clifton|Willmott|1907|p=26}}{{efn|Llandaff was not part of Cardiff until 1922.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiffians.co.uk/suburbs/llandaff.shtml|title=The History of Cardiff's Suburbs-Llandaff|publisher=Cardiffians|access-date=19 May 2016}}</ref>}} [[Thomas Hancorne (1642 – 1731)|Thomas Hancorne]], a [[Jacobitism|jacobite]] prominent in [[High church|High Church]] circles, was prebendary of Llandaff from 1718 to 1731.<ref>[https://theclergydatabase.org.uk/jsp/persons/DisplayPerson.jsp?PersonID=176448 Hancorn, Thomas (1672 - 1731)] at Clergy of the Church of England Database</ref> Between 1720 and 1723 a series of storms damaged the cathedral further, bringing down sections of the roof. The collapse of 1723 forced worship services to be confined to the Lady Chapel and closed the western entrance of the cathedral entirely.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|pp=32–33}}{{efn|The see began seeking funds to repair the cathedral in 1721, requesting them from [[William Wake]], the Archbishop of Canterbury. The Archbishop was able to get the promise of £1,000 from [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] and hoped to be able to get a £500 donation from the Prince of Wales (later [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]). He indicated this was all he was able to do for the see and that further funds would need to come from those in the diocese and their friends.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|pp=34–35}}}}
[[File:John Wood plans for Llandaff Cathedral.jpg|thumb|John Wood's plan to complete his work at Llandaff Cathedral. The eastern portion of the building, seen at right, is where Wood actually did work. The western portion, at left, is the porch and tower Wood proposed but never constructed.]]
Thirty years after the cathedral roof collapsed, the chapter asked an architect, [[John Wood, the Elder]], to prepare estimates and plans to restore the cathedral.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|p=35}} In 1734 work began on a new cathedral, designed by Wood.{{sfn|Mowl|Earnshaw|1988|p=213}} Wood produced an Italian temple{{sfn|James|1898|p=29}} style edifice, working only on the eastern portion of the building, while leaving the remaining western half in ruins.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|p=35}} What Wood was trying to build at Llandaff was not Italian, but a recreation of [[Solomon's Temple]].{{sfn|Varey|1990|p=109}}  Another sixteen years passed before the chapter solicited funds to repair the western half of the building.{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|p=22}}{{efn|Bishop Ollivant wrote in 1860 that he could find no record of what monies, if any, were received by the chapter to continue Wood's work on the western portion of the cathedral.{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|p=22}}}} Wood's plans were to replace the western entrance of the cathedral with a tower and rustic porch.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|p=36}} No changes were made to the western entrance until Wyatt and Prichard began their work in 1841, when the damage to the western portion of the structure was repaired and all traces of the Italian temple work by Wood had been removed from the cathedral.{{sfn|King|1873|p=13}}{{sfn|Newman|Hughes|Ward|1995|p=91}}{{efn|The columns, pilasters and cornices of the Italian temple were removed and installed on the library at Bishop's Court. Two urns which stood on the roof were moved to the Bishop's garden.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|p=36}} Regarding the retention of some of the Italian temple's fittings, Bishop Ollivant wrote "The columns, pilasters and cornice, which now adorn the Library at the Bishop's Court, then of a dingy brown colour, will shew those who come after me what were the fittings of the ritual choir."{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|p=36}} As to the present day, one of the urns is now at the cathedral's prebendial house {{sfn|Newman|Hughes|Ward|1995|p=255}}}}

During the 19th century the bishop began to reside in Llandaff for the first time in centuries; no bishops of the see resided in Llandaff for almost 300 years.{{sfn|James|1898|p=25}} In 1836 there was another unsuccessful attempt to transfer the see—this time to [[Bristol]]. After the attempt at transferring the see, the office of Dean was restored to Llandaff; the position had not been filled in 700 years.{{sfn|Clifton|Willmott|1907|p=28}} The office of [[Dean (religion)|Dean]] was separated from that of the [[Archdeacon]] of Llandaff in November 1843.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20314|page=400|date=6 February 1844}}</ref>{{efn|The office of Dean had been vacant since 1120, when the Archdeacon also became known as the Vice-Dean.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|p=33}}}} The restoration of the Dean's office was the beginning of better times for the cathedral. The new Dean, [[William Bruce Knight]], was instrumental in bringing about the much-needed restorations.{{sfn|Clifton|Willmott|1907|pp=28–29}}

Enough restoration had been completed to allow the cathedral to be reopened for worship on 16 April 1857. The see of [[Gloucester]] lent their cathedral choir for this service, making it possible to hear choral music in Llandaff Cathedral for the first time since 1691.{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|p=36}} The restoration done up to this point was to remove all traces of the Italian temple and to repair damages caused by the attempt to transform the cathedral by Wood.{{sfn|King|1873|p=13}}  Arches with beautiful moulding were hidden by walls, [[Sedilia]] were removed from their original positions and reredos had been covered with plaster or hidden with walls.{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|p=31}}{{sfn|James|1898|p=51}}

A meeting was held after the service and a detailed restoration plan was announced at the meeting along with a list for those wishing to donate to the work. The Prince of Wales (later [[Edward VII]]) and [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute]] were among those who pledged donations sufficient to allow the restoration work to continue immediately.{{sfn|Clifton|Willmott|1907|p=29}}{{efn|A list of those who made donations or made pledges to donate.{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|pp=38–39}}}} The cathedral was extensively restored, the tower rebuilt and a spire added.{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|p=38}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3402264/3402266/8/llandaff%20cathedral|title=Llandaff Cathedral|date=14 July 1866|page=2|publisher=Monmouthshire Merlin|access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref> Much of the restoration work was completed by local architect [[John Prichard]] between 1843 and 1869.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3096486/3096491/18/llandaff%20cathedral|title=Landaff Cathedral|date=17 July 1869|pages=5–7|work=The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian|access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Davies|Jenkins|Baines|2008|p=710}}{{efn|The post-Italian temple restoration was begun in 1841 by T. H. Wyatt. Prichard redesigned the window for the Lady Chapel in 1843. By 1845, Prichard was in charge of the cathedral project; Wyatt remained as "honorary architect" until 1853, with his plans being set aside in favour of Prichard's. The Llandaff Cathedral project launched Prichard's architectural career.{{sfn|Newman|Hughes|Ward|1995|p=91}}}} A [[triptych]] by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] was designed for use as a [[reredos]],{{sfn|James|1898|p=52}}{{efn|The reredos, ''The Seed of David'', was begun in 1860 and completed at a later date.  It is described as one of the finest works of Rossetti.{{sfn|James|1898|p=52}}}} and a new [[stained glass]] window, ''Shipwreck of St Paul'', was designed by [[Ford Madox Brown]].{{sfn|Treuherz|Bendiner|Thirlwell|2011|p=107}} Sir [[Edward Burne-Jones]] designed the porcelain panels ''Six Days of Creation'' in St Dyfrig's Chapel.{{sfn|Pepin|2008|p=89}}

From 1691 until around 1860 there had been no choir at the cathedral.{{efn|The choral service was initially suspended due to the death of the cathedral organist.{{sfn|James|1898|p=28}}{{sfn|Hackett|1823|p=36}} Financial considerations likely prompted the Archdeacon and chapter to discontinue the paid choir. It was decided to pay the schoolmaster a small sum to provide music; he did so by playing his [[bass violin]] while the cathedral's school pupils sang.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|pp=31–32}}}} There was also no organ for some time. Browne Willis' 1719 account describes the ruins of an organ given to the cathedral by Lady Kemysh of [[Cefn Mably]] found in the organ loft at that time.{{sfn|Willis|1719|p=21}}{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|p=28}} In 1860, [[Alfred Ollivant (bishop)|Alfred Ollivant]], who was then Bishop of Landaff, published a book, ''Some Account of the Condition of the Fabric of Llandaff Cathedral, from 1575 to the present time'', intended to raise funds to restore the cathedral's choir and to purchase a new organ.{{sfn|Ollivant|1860|p="Advertisement"}}<ref>{{cite DWB |id=s-OLLI-ALF-1798 |title=OLLIVANT, ALFRED (1798 - 1882), bishop |last=Ellis |first=Thomas Iorwerth |authorlink=Thomas Iorwerth Ellis |year=1959 |access-date=6 April 2016}}</ref><!-- Comment This is one of the first pages of the book, not numbered, and this is what Ollivant titled this page.-->{{efn|Enough money was raised to install a new organ in the cathedral 18 September 1861.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3399764/3399766/5/llandaff%20cathedral|title=Llandaff Cathedral|publisher=Monmouthshire Merlin|date=10 August 1861|page=2|access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3399818/3399826/41/llandaff%20cathedral|title=Llandaff Cathedral|page=8|publisher=Monmouthshire Merlin|date=21 September 1861|access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref>}}
A [[The Cathedral School, Llandaff|cathedral school]] of some type has existed since the 9th century. Dean Vaughan reorganised the school in 1888. Since 1978 the cathedral school has accepted female pupils.{{sfn|Compton-Davies|1897|pp=75–76}}<ref name=school/>