Editing List of Castilian monarchs (section)

===House of Habsburg===
{{further|House of Habsburg}}
[[File:Coat of Arms of Philip I of Castile (Chivalric).svg|thumb|Coat of arms of Philip I]]
{|class="wikitable"
!Monarch
!Image
!Epithet
!Began
!Ended
!Notes
|-
|[[Philip I of Castile|Philip I]]
|[[File:Juan de Flandes, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Gemäldegalerie - Philipp der Schöne (1478-1506) - GG 3872.jpg|100px]]
|The Handsome
|26 November 1504
|25 September 1506
|''[[jure uxoris]]'' king ruling on behalf of his wife, [[Joanna of Castile|Joanna I]]. As the oldest son of [[Mary of Burgundy]], Philip also inherited the titles of [[Lord of the Netherlands]] and [[Duke of Burgundy]] on his mother's death in 1482.
|-
|[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles I]]
|[[File:Titian - Portrait of Charles V Seated - WGA22964.jpg|100px]]
|The Emperor
|13 March 1516
|16 January 1556
|Son of Philip I and Joanna I. In 1516 he was made co-monarch with his mother, becoming sole monarch of Castile on her death in 1555.

Charles also inherited the titles Lord of the Netherlands and Duke of Burgundy on his father's death in 1506, [[Crown of Aragon|King of Aragon]] on the death of his maternal grandfather [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand II]] in 1516, and [[Archduchy of Austria|Archduke of Austria]] on the death of his paternal grandfather [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] in 1519. In 1519, he was also elected to the non-hereditary position of [[Holy Roman Emperor]].

Governing such a vast and disparate set of realms proved exceedingly difficult. In Castile, his rule was challenged in 1520-1522 by the broadly-based [[Revolt of the Comuneros]], and in neighboring Aragon in 1519-23 by the [[Revolt of the Brotherhoods]]. Both were overcome by a combination of force and compromise.

After a long reign Charles abdicated in 1556, dividing his lands between his son Philip II (who inherited the lands of the Crown of Castile (including the Americas), the Crown of Aragon, his Italian territories, and the Netherlands) and his younger brother [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand]], who inherited the rest.

Charles died in 1564.
|-
|[[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]]
|[[Image:Portrait of Philip II of Spain (by Workshop of Titian) - Museo del Prado, Madrid.jpg|100px]]
|The Prudent
|16 January 1556
|13 September 1598
|Son of Charles I. Through his father's abdication, he inherited not only the lands of the Crown of Castile (including the American colonies) but also those from the Crown of Aragon, (including the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Sardinia]], and [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]]), the [[Duchy of Milan]], as well as the titles of Lord of the Netherlands and Duke of Burgundy.

His rule in the Netherlands was challenged by a powerful rebellion, leading to the establishment of the [[Dutch Republic]] in 1579 and the [[Eighty Years' War]], which expanded to include multiple other wars, ending only with Spanish recognition of Dutch independence in 1648.

In 1580, during a succession crisis in the [[Kingdom of Portugal]] when there was no obvious heir to the throne, Philip (a candidate in his own right) invaded and was made king that same year. Through his marriage to [[Mary I of England]] in 1554, Philip was nominal [[List of English monarchs|King of England]]  until her death, but he never exercised any power there.
|-
|[[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]]
|[[Image:Felipe III de España.jpg|100px]]
|The Pious
|13 September 1598
|31 March 1621
|Son of Philip II. Philip III became heir to the crown after the death of his older brother,  [[Carlos, Prince of Asturias|Carlos]], who died insane and in captivity in 1568.
|-
|[[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]]
|[[Image:Philip IV of Spain - Velázquez 1644.jpg|100px]]
|The Great
|31 March 1621
|17 September 1665
|Oldest son of Philip III.

A revolt against Philip in Portugal led to Portugal's regaining its independence in the [[Portuguese Restoration War]], from 1640-1668.
|-
|[[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]]
|[[Image:Rey Carlos II.jpg|100px]]
|The Bewitched
|17 September 1665
|1 November 1700
|Oldest surviving son of Philip IV. (Two older brothers died young.) His reign was marked by his life-long ill-health and he died childless, leading to the [[War of the Spanish Succession]], from 1701 to 1714.
|-
|}