Editing List of Bulgarian monarchs (section)

== First Bulgarian Empire (c. 680–1018) ==
{{Main|First Bulgarian Empire}}

=== Early Bulgarian rulers (c. 680–803) ===
The [[First Bulgarian Empire]] is regarded to have been established {{Circa}} 680 when the Bulgarian ruler [[Asparuh of Bulgaria|Asparuh]] crossed the Danube.<ref name="Runciman-1930" /><ref name="Morby-2014">{{Cite book |last=Morby |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFExDwAAQBAJ |title=Dynasties of the World |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-251848-4 |language=en |chapter=Bulgaria, Medieval}}</ref> Asparuh's family, the [[Dulo]] clan, claimed descent from the [[Huns|Hunnic]] ruler [[Attila]], through Attila's son [[Ernak]].<ref name="Runciman-1930" /> References to political developments within Bulgaria prior to the reign of [[Krum]] (c. 803–814) are extremely scant, making the dates and family relationships of the rulers recorded in contemporary and later sources highly uncertain.<ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> The rulers below may all belong to the Dulo clan or might alternatively have belonged to various competing clans.<ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> Several alternate chronologies of early Bulgarian rulers have been proposed, with some presented below, with the names standardized across sources:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!'''Moskov (1988)''':<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moskov |first=Mosko |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MsJAQAAIAAJ |title=Именник на българските ханове: ново тълкуване |date=1988 |publisher=Държавно издателство "Д-р Петър Берон" |isbn= |pages=358, 330-332, 264 |language=Bulgarian}}</ref>
!'''Fine (1991)''':<ref name="Fine-1991" />
(originally 1983)
!'''Treadgold (1997)''':<ref>{{Cite book |last=Treadgold |first=Warren T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC |title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society |date=1997 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6 |pages=871 |language=en}}</ref>
!'''Morby (2014)''':<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morby |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFExDwAAQBAJ |title=Dynasties of the World |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-251848-4 |language=en |chapter=Bulgaria, Medieval}}</ref>
!'''Detrez (2014)''':<ref>{{Cite book |last=Detrez |first=Raymond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hywaBgAAQBAJ |title=Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria |date=2014 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4180-0 |pages=7, 78–79, 259–260, 269, 280, 519–520, 543 |language=}}</ref>
!'''Curta (2019)''':<ref>{{Cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sqiDwAAQBAJ |title=Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 vols) |date=2019 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-39519-0 |pages=82 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Asparuh of Bulgaria|Asparuh]] (668–695)
|Asparuh (670s–701)
|Asparuh (681–c.701)
|Asparuh (680–700)
|Asparuh (641–701)
|Asparuh (681–c.700)
|-
|[[Tervel of Bulgaria|Tervel]] (695–714)
|Tervel (701–718)
|Tervel (c.701–c.718)
|Tervel (700–721)
|Tervel (701–718)
|Tervel (c.700–721)
|-
|anonymous (714–715)
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Kormesiy (715–721)
|Unknown (718–725)
|
|Kormisosh (721–738)
|Unknown (718–c.725)
|Kormisosh (721–738)
|-
|[[Sevar of Bulgaria|Sevar]] (721–737)
|Sevar (725–739)
|Sevar (c.718–750)
|Sevar (738–753)
|Sevar (c.725–739)
|Sevar (738–753/4)
|-
|[[Kormisosh]] (737–754)
|Kormisosh (739–756)
|Kormisosh (750–762)
|
|Kormisosh (739–756)
|
|-
|[[Vineh of Bulgaria|Vineh]] (754–760)
|Vineh (756–c.761)
|Vineh and
|Vineh (753–760)
|Vineh (756–762)
|Vineh (753/4–760)
|-
|[[Telets of Bulgaria|Telets]] (760–763)
|Telets (c.761–c.764)
|Telets (762–763)
|Telets (760–763)
|Telets (762–765)
|Telets (760–763)
|-
|[[Sabin of Bulgaria|Sabin]] (763–765)
|Sabin (c.764–767)
|
|Sabin (763–766)
|Sabin (765–767)
|Sabin (763–766)
|-
|[[Umor of Bulgaria|Umor]] (765)
|Umor (767)
|Umor (763)
|Umor (766)
|Umor (767)
|Umor (766)
|-
|[[Toktu of Bulgaria|Toktu]] (765–766)
|Toktu (767–c.769)
|Pagan (763–765)
|Toktu (766–767)
|Toktu (767–772)
|Toktu (766–767)
|-
|[[Pagan of Bulgaria|Pagan]] (766–767)
|Pagan (c.770)
|Toktu (765)
|Pagan (767–768)
|Pagan (772/3)
|Pagan (767–768)
|-
|[[Telerig]] (767–777)
|Telerig (c.770–777)
|Telerig (765?–777)
|Telerig (768–777)
|Telerig (772/3–777)
|Telerig (768–777)
|-
|[[Kardam of Bulgaria|Kardam]] (777–803)
|Kardam (777–c.803)
|Kardam (777?–c.803)
|Kardam (777–803)
|Kardam (777–802)
|Kardam (777–803)
|}

=== House of Krum (803–997) ===
{{Main|Krum's dynasty}}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#D4F2CE;"
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:6%;" | Image
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:18%" | Name
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:14%;" | Reign
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:62%;" | Succession and notes
|-
|[[File:Krum33.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Krum]]'''<br /><small>Крум</small>
|{{Circa}} 803?–814<ref name="Fine-1991">{{Cite book |last1=Fine |first1=John V. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century |last2=Fine |first2=John Van Antwerp |date=1991 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-08149-3 |pages=10, 295–296 |language=en}}</ref><br /><small>(c. 11-17 years)</small>
|Possibly a descendant of the [[Dulo]] clan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shores |first=Louis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_IuDNx7tmkC |title=Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index |date=1964 |publisher=Crowell-Collier Publishing Company |pages=711 |language=en}}</ref> Krum may have ascended the throne as early as 796/7.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Božilov|first1=Ivan | last2=Gjuzelev |first2=Vasil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |title=История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век |date=2006 |publisher=Anubis |isbn=978-954-426-718-6 |pages=144 |language=Bulgarian}}</ref> Successful warrior and conqueror; defeated the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] and incorporated parts of [[Transylvania]] and eastern Serbia into Bulgaria. Replaced customary law in Bulgaria with written legislation. Most known for his wars against the Byzantine Empire. In 811 his forces defeated and killed Emperor [[Nikephoros I]] at the [[Battle of Pliska]], whereafter the emperor's skull was fashioned into a [[Skull cup|drinking cup]]. Died suddenly while preparing a campaign intended to conquer [[Constantinople]].<ref name="Detrez-2014" />
|-
|
|'''[[Dukum of Bulgaria|Dukum]]'''<ref name="Morby-2014" /><ref name="Treadgold-1997">{{Cite book |last=Treadgold |first=Warren T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC |title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society |date=1997 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6 |pages=871 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Haldon-2005">{{Cite book |last=Haldon |first=J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xjAWDAAAQBAJ |title=The Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History |date=2005 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-27395-5 |pages=177 |language=en}}</ref><br /><small>Дукум</small>
|possibly 814<br /><small>(briefly)</small>
|Brother of Krum.<ref name="Morby-2014" /><ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> An experienced military commander who played an important role in Krum's military campaigns.<ref name="Sophoulis-2011">{{Cite book |last=Sophoulis |first=Panos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Y-3zVnvbEC |title=Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831 |date=2011 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-20695-3 |pages=148, 266 |language=en}}</ref> Possibly seized the throne after Krum's death but died almost immediately,<ref name="Runciman-1930">{{Cite book |last=Runciman |first=Steven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-NBAAAAYAAJ |title=A History of the First Bulgarian Empire |date=1930 |publisher=G. Bell & sons Limited |isbn=978-0-598-74922-2 |pages=10, 71–72 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> presumably of natural causes.<ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> Some historians consider Dukum, named only in hagiographical sources, merely a local ruler and not a monarch, with Krum perhaps being succeeded directly by his son Omurtag.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Božilov|first1=Ivan | last2=Gjuzelev |first2=Vasil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |title=История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век |date=2006 |publisher=Anubis |isbn=978-954-426-718-6 |pages=126 |language=Bulgarian}}</ref>
|-
|
|[[Ditzeng of Bulgaria|'''Ditzeng''']]'''<ref name="Morby-2014" /><ref name="Treadgold-1997" />'''<ref name="Haldon-2005" />{{efn|"Tsok", a Bulgarian ruler briefly mentioned in a single Byzantine source as persecuting Christian prisoners,<ref name="Runciman-1930" /> is presumably the same person as Ditzeng.<ref name="TSvetkov-1993" />}}<br /><small>Диценг</small>
|possibly 814–815<ref name="Morby-2014" /><br /><small>(1 year)</small>
|Unknown relation;<ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> presumably a brother or nephew of Krum.<ref name="Morby-2014" /><ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> Recorded as persecutor of Christian prisoners.<ref name="Runciman-1930" /> May have been in ill health at the time of his accession.<ref name="Sophoulis-2011" /> Some historians consider Ditzeng, named only in hagiographical sources, merely a local ruler and not a monarch, with Krum perhaps being succeeded directly by his son Omurtag.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Božilov|first1=Ivan | last2=Gjuzelev |first2=Vasil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |title=История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век |date=2006 |publisher=Anubis |isbn=978-954-426-718-6 |pages=144 |language=Bulgarian}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Omurtag1.jpg|80px]]
|[[Omurtag of Bulgaria|'''Omurtag''']]<br /><small>Омуртаг</small>
|814<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Božilov|first1=Ivan | last2=Gjuzelev |first2=Vasil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |title=История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век |date=2006 |publisher=Anubis |isbn=978-954-426-718-6 |pages=144 |language=Bulgarian}}</ref>/815<ref name="Morby-2014" />–831<br /><small>(16-17 years)</small>
|Son of Krum.<ref name="Morby-2014" /> May have seized the throne from Ditzeng<ref name="Runciman-1930" /> or succeeded his father Krum directly.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Božilov|first1=Ivan | last2=Gjuzelev |first2=Vasil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |title=История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век |date=2006 |publisher=Anubis |isbn=978-954-426-718-6 |pages=144 |language=Bulgarian}}</ref> Signed a [[Byzantine–Bulgarian treaty of 815|30-year peace treaty]] with the Byzantine Empire in 815.<ref name="Curta-2021a" /><ref name="Petkov-2008" /> Devoted much of his reign to construction projects. At times aided the Byzantines, such as joining the war against the Byzantine pretender [[Thomas the Slav]].<ref name="Petkov-2008" /> Solidified the Bulgarian central government.<ref name="Hupchick-2017" />
|-
|
|[[Malamir of Bulgaria|'''Malamir''']]<br /><small>Маламир</small>
|831–836<br /><small>(5 years)</small>
|Son of Omurtag.<ref name="Morby-2014" /> Malamir was possibly underage throughout his reign and the Bulgarian administration was headed by the regent [[Isbul]]. His five-year reign saw renewed conflict and warfare with the Byzantine Empire.<ref name="Petkov-2008" /> Died of unknown causes, no longer occupying the Bulgarian throne by 836.<ref name="Hupchick-2017" />
|-
|
|[[Presian I of Bulgaria|'''Presian I''']]<br /><small>Пресиян</small>
|836–852<br /><small>(16 years)</small>
|Son of [[Zvinitsa]], a son of Omurtag.<ref name="Petkov-2008" /><ref name="Morby-2014" /> Underage at the time of his accession, the administration was initially headed by the regent [[Isbul]].<ref name="Petkov-2008" /> Although hostile to the Byzantine Empire, Presian spent the better part of his reign working to expand Bulgaria rather than fighting the Byzantines. His reign saw the Bulgarians push west of the [[Vardar]] river for the first time and led to considerable territorial gains in the west.<ref name="Hupchick-2017" />
|-
|[[File:TzarBorisDidacticGospelConstantinePreslavski.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Boris I of Bulgaria|Boris I]]'''{{efn|Sometimes referred to as '''Boris-Michael''' or '''Michael I''' given that he was baptized under the name Michael. Boris I however continued after his baptism to most often only use the name "Boris".<ref name="Mladjov-2015" />}}<br /><small>Борис</small>
|852–889<br /><small>(36 years)</small>
|Son of Presian I.<ref name="Morby-2014" /> Unsuccessfully warred against Serbia and Croatia.<ref name="Lawler-2015">{{Cite book |last=Lawler |first=Jennifer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEWeCQAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire |date=2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0929-4 |pages=73–74, 301 |language=en}}</ref> Under pressure from the Byzantine emperor [[Michael III]],<ref name="Lawler-2015" /> Boris was responsible for converting Bulgaria to Christianity, he himself being baptized in 864/865.<ref name="Lawler-2015" /><ref name="Miller-1923" /> Adopted the new ruling title of ''[[knyaz]]'' (prince) at the time of his conversion.<ref name="Detrez-2014" /> Defeated a major uprising of pagans against his rule. Abdicated in favour of his son [[Vladimir of Bulgaria|Vladimir]] in 889 and retired to a monastery, dying in 907.<ref name="Lawler-2015" /> Considered a [[saint]] in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].<ref name="Lawler-2015" />
|-
|[[File:Vladimir Rasate (crop).png|80px]]
|[[Vladimir of Bulgaria|'''Vladimir''']]<br /><small>Владимир Расате</small>
|889–893<br /><small>(4 years)</small>
|Son of Boris I. The Bulgarian nobility revolted against Christianity after Boris's abdication and Vladimir took part in persecuting Christians and destroying churches. Also abandoned relations with the Byzantine Empire. Boris returned from retirement in 893 and deposed, blinded, and imprisoned Vladimir. Boris's other son [[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon]] was thereafter made ruler.<ref name="Lawler-2015" />
|-
|[[File:Skylitzes - Simeón el Grande crop.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Simeon I of Bulgaria|Simeon I]]'''<br /><small>Симеон</small>
|893–927<br /><small>(34 years)</small>
|Son of Boris I.<ref name="Morby-2014" /> Made ''knyaz'' (prince) after the deposition of Vladimir.<ref name="Lawler-2015" /> Aspiring to supplant or conquer the Byzantine Empire, Simeon was in 913 the first Bulgarian ruler to assume the title of ''tsar'' (emperor) and was recognized as such by the Byzantines.<ref name="Nicol-1967" /> Fought many wars with the Byzantine Empire, though never succeeded in capturing [[Constantinople]]. Extended Bulgarian rule far into Macedonia, Albania, and Serbia but appears to have lost the Bulgarian lands north of the [[Danube]]. Proclaimed the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] to be independent under its own [[Patriarch of All Bulgaria|patriarch]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simeon I {{!}} Tsar of Bulgarian Empire |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Simeon-I |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Seal of Petar I.png|80px]]
|'''[[Peter I of Bulgaria|Peter I]]'''<br /><small>Петър</small>
|927–969<br /><small>(42 years)</small>
|Son of Simeon I.<ref name="Morby-2014" /> Faced invasions from the [[Magyars]] and uprisings by some of his brothers. Otherwise had a relatively peaceful reign; achieved important diplomatic gains from the Byzantines, such as the recognition of his imperial title, the recognition of the Bulgarian church's independence, and an imperial marriage. Abdicated and retired to a monastery in 969 after suffering a [[stroke]].<ref name="EB-2023">{{Cite web |title=Peter I {{!}} Tsar of Bulgaria |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-I-tsar-of-Bulgaria |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Considered a [[saint]] in the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]].<ref name="EB-2023" />
|-
|[[File:Boris II.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Boris II of Bulgaria|Boris II]]'''<br /><small>Борис</small>
|969–977{{efn|''De facto'' ruled only 969–971 and thereafter in Byzantine captivity, though remained recognized and unchallenged as the legitimate monarch in Bulgaria itself.<ref name="Tapkova-Zaimova-2018" />}}<br /><small>(8 years)</small>
|Son of Peter I.<ref name="Pavlov-2009">{{Cite book |last=Pavlov |first=Plamen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZiwqAQAAMAAJ |title=Bulgaria and Bulgarians: A Brief History |date=2009 |publisher=Borina |isbn=978-954-500-215-1 |pages=45, 55 |language=en}}</ref> Contended with invasions by the [[Kievan Rus']] and the Byzantine Empire.<ref name="Pavlov-2009" /> The Bulgarian capital of [[Veliki Preslav|Preslav]] was captured by the Byzantine Empire in 971, resulting in Boris and his brother [[Roman of Bulgaria|Roman]] being brought to Constantinople as prisoners.<ref name="Tapkova-Zaimova-2018">{{Cite book |last=Tăpkova-Zaimova |first=Vasilka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGZjDwAAQBAJ |title=Bulgarians by Birth: The Comitopuls, Emperor Samuel and their Successors According to Historical Sources and the Historiographic Tradition |date=2018 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-35299-5 |pages=2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Roszkowski-2015">{{Cite book |last=Roszkowski |first=Wojciech |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kawSEAAAQBAJ |title=East Central Europe: A Concise History |date=2015 |publisher=Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Jagielloński |isbn=978-83-65972-20-0 |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> Power in Bulgaria fell to a group of four nobles, the ''[[Cometopuli dynasty|cometopuli]]'' brothers, who upheld the rights of Boris while he was held prisoner.<ref name="Pavlov-2009" /><ref name="Tapkova-Zaimova-2018" /> The two brothers escaped back to Bulgaria in 977, though Boris was killed during the journey.<ref name="Pavlov-2009" />
|-
|[[File:Roman BG.JPG|80px]]
|'''[[Roman of Bulgaria|Roman]]'''<br /><small>Роман</small>
|977–997{{efn|''De facto'' ruled only 977–991 and thereafter in Byzantine captivity,<ref name="Whittow-1996" /> though remained recognized and unchallenged as the legitimate monarch in Bulgaria itself.<ref name="Pavlov-2009" />}}<br /><small>(20 years)</small>
|Son of Peter I.<ref name="Pavlov-2009" /> Previously held captive by the Byzantines in Constantinople.<ref name="Tapkova-Zaimova-2018" /><ref name="Roszkowski-2015" /> Infrequently mentioned in surviving sources and appears to have been more of a figurehead for the ''[[Cometopuli dynasty|cometopuli]]'' than an active ruler.<ref name="Hupchick-2017">{{Cite book |last=Hupchick |first=Dennis P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wa4sDwAAQBAJ |title=The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-56206-3 |pages=125, 127–128, 255, 295–296 |language=en}}</ref> Captured by the Byzantines again in 991 and died in captivity six years later.<ref name="Whittow-1996">{{Cite book |last=Whittow |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZFKEAAAQBAJ |title=The Making of Orthodox Byzantium, 600–1025 |date=1996 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-349-24765-3 |pages=297 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== House of Cometopuli (997–1018) ===
{{Main|Cometopuli dynasty}}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#D4F2CE;"
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:6%;" | Image
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:18%" | Name
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:14%;" | Reign
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:62%;" | Succession and notes
|-
|[[File:Samuil of bolgaria reconstruction.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Samuel of Bulgaria|Samuel]]'''<br /><small>Самуил</small>
|997–1014<br /><small>(17 years)</small>
|The youngest of the ''[[Cometopuli dynasty|cometopuli]]'', the sons of a noble named [[Nicholas (komes)|Nicholas]]. Samuel and his brothers had some relation to the preceding royal dynasty,<ref name="Pavlov-2009" /> possibly being cousins of Boris II and Roman.<ref name="Vlasto-1970">{{Cite book |last=Vlasto |first=A. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpVOAAAAIAAJ |title=The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs |date=1970 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-07459-9 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> One of the primary Bulgarian military leaders from 971 onwards and proclaimed emperor after Roman's death.<ref name="Pavlov-2009" /><ref name="Vlasto-1970" /> Relatively successful in staving off the Byzantine conquest of the remaining Bulgarian territories. Died of a [[heart attack]] brought on by the sight of the thousands of Bulgarian soldiers blinded by the Byzantine emperor [[Basil II]] after the [[Battle of Kleidion]].<ref name="Tapkova-Zaimova-2018" />
|-
|[[File:Radomir.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria|Gavril Radomir]]'''<br /><small>Гаврил Радомир</small>
|1014–1015<br /><small>(less than a year)</small>
|Son of Samuel. Murdered by his cousin [[Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria|Ivan Vladislav]] after a reign of less than a year.<ref name="Miller-1923" />
|-
|[[File:IvanVladislav.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria|Ivan Vladislav]]'''<br /><small>Иван Владислав</small>
|1015–1018<br /><small>(3 years)</small>
|Son of [[Aron of Bulgaria|Aron]], a brother of Samuel. Led the defense against the Byzantine Empire as Emperor [[Basil II]] once more invaded Bulgaria and killed at the [[Battle of Dyrrhachium (1018)|Battle of Dyrrhachium]] in 1018. After his death, the Bulgarian nobility became divided among two parties, one headed by Ivan Vladislav's widow [[Maria (wife of Ivan Vladislav)|Maria]] and one headed by his son [[Presian (son of Ivan Vladislav)|Presian II]]. Maria formally surrendered Bulgaria to Basil.<ref name="Miller-1923">{{Cite book |last=Miller |first=William |title=The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume IV: The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1923 |pages=235, 242 |chapter=The Rise and Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire (679–1018)}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #93C572; text-align: center;" | ''Bulgaria was conquered by the [[Byzantine Empire]] in the [[Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria]] (968–1018), resulting in the fall of the [[First Bulgarian Empire]]''
|}