Editing Linguistic anthropology (section)

===Identity and intersubjectivity===
A great deal of work in linguistic anthropology investigates questions of sociocultural [[cultural identity|identity]] linguistically and discursively. Linguistic anthropologist [[Don Kulick]] has done so in relation to identity, for example, in a series of settings, first in a village called [[Gapun]] in northern [[Papua New Guinea]].<ref name=Kulick1992>Kulick, Don. 1992. ''Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinea Village''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> He explored how the use of two languages with and around children in Gapun village: the traditional language ([[Taiap language|Taiap]]), not spoken anywhere but in their own village and thus primordially "indexical" of Gapuner identity, and [[Tok Pisin]], the widely circulating official language of New Guinea. ("indexical" points to meanings beyond the immediate context.)<ref name=Silverstein1976>Silverstein, Michael. 1976. Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cultural Description. In ''Meaning in Anthropology''. K. Basso and H.A. Selby, eds. Pp. 11–56. Albuquerque: School of American Research, University of New Mexico Press.</ref> To speak the [[Taiap language]] is associated with one identity: not only local but "Backward" and also an identity based on the display of hed (personal autonomy). To speak Tok Pisin is to [[Indexicality|index]] a modern, Catholic identity, based not on hed but on save, an identity linked with the will and the skill to cooperate. In later work, Kulick demonstrates that certain loud speech performances in Brazil called um escândalo, Brazilian ''travesti'' (roughly, 'transvestite') sex workers shame clients. The travesti community, the argument goes, ends up at least making a powerful attempt to transcend the shame the larger Brazilian public might try to foist off on them, again by loud public discourse and other modes of [[performance]].<ref name=Kulick&Klein>Kulick, Don, and Charles H. Klein. 2003. Scandalous Acts: The Politics of Shame among Brazilian Travesti Prostitutes. In ''Recognition Struggles and Social Movements: Contested Identities, Agency and Power''. B. Hobson, ed. Pp. 215–238. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref>

In addition, scholars such as [[Émile Benveniste]],<ref>Benveniste, Emile. 1971. Problems in general linguistics. Miami: University of Miami Press.</ref> [[Mary Bucholtz]] and [[Kira Hall]]<ref>Bucholtz, M., & Hall, K. 2005. Identity and interaction: A sociocultural linguistic approach. Discourse Studies, 7(4–5), 585–614.</ref> [[Benjamin Lee (academic)|Benjamin Lee]],<ref> Lee, Benjamin. 1997. Talking Heads: Language, Metalanguage, and the Semiotics of Subjectivity. Durham: Duke University Press.</ref> [[Paul Kockelman]],<ref>Kockelman, Paul. 2004. Stance and Subjectivity. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 14(2), 127–150.</ref> and [[Stanton Wortham]]<ref>Wortham, Stanton. 2006. Learning identity: The joint emergence of social identification and academic learning. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.</ref> (among many others) have contributed to understandings of identity as "[[intersubjectivity]]" by examining the ways it is discursively constructed.