Editing Languages of the United States (section)

===Spanish (42.03 million speakers)===
[[File:Spanish USC2000 PHS.svg|thumb|Spanish language distribution in the United States.]]
{{Main|Spanish language in the United States}}
[[Spanish language|Spanish]] was also inherited from colonization and is sanctioned as official in the commonwealth of [[Puerto Rico]], where it is the general language of instruction in schools and universities. In the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and all territories except Puerto Rico, Spanish is taught as a foreign or [[second language]]. It is spoken at home in areas with large Hispanic populations: the [[Southwestern United States]] along the border with Mexico, as well as in [[Florida]], parts of [[California]], the [[District of Columbia]], [[Illinois]], [[New Jersey]], and [[New York (state)|New York]]. In Hispanic communities across the country, bilingual signs in both Spanish and English may be quite common. Furthermore, numerous neighborhoods exist (such as [[Washington Heights, Manhattan|Washington Heights]] in [[New York City]] or [[Little Havana]] in [[Miami, Florida|Miami]]) in which entire city blocks will have only Spanish-language signs and Spanish-speaking people.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em;"
|+ Spanish speakers in the United States
|-
!Year
!Number of Spanish speakers
!Percent of<br />U.S. population
|-
| 1980
| style="text-align:right;" | 11 million
| style="text-align:right;" | 5%
|- 
| 1990
| style="text-align:right;" | 17.3 million
| style="text-align:right;" | 7%
|- 
| 2000
| style="text-align:right;" | 28.1 million
| style="text-align:right;" | 10%
|- 
| 2010
| style="text-align:right;" | 37 million
| style="text-align:right;" | 13%
|- 
| 2020
| style="text-align:right;" | 41.3 million
| style="text-align:right;" | 13.7%
|- 
| 2023
| style="text-align:right;" | 42.0 million
| style="text-align:right;" | 13.4%
|-
| colspan=3 | Sources:<ref name=language2000/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/09/05/what-is-the-future-of-spanish-in-the-united-states/|title=What is the future of Spanish in the United States?|date=September 5, 2013|work=Pew Research Center|access-date=January 18, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118052039/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/09/05/what-is-the-future-of-spanish-in-the-united-states/|archive-date=January 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.languagepolicy.net/archives/Castro1.htm|title=The Future of Spanish in the United States|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=January 18, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118005805/http://www.languagepolicy.net/archives/Castro1.htm |archive-date=January 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_S1601&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212214642/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_S1601&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder - Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|publisher=Factfinder2.census.gov|access-date=January 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Explore Census Data"/>
|}

Younger generations of non-Hispanics in the United States choose to study Spanish as a foreign or second language in far greater numbers than other second-language options. This might be due in part to the growing Hispanic population and the increasing popularity of Latin American movies and music performed in the Spanish language. A 2009 American Community Survey (ACS) conducted by the [[United States Census Bureau]], showed that Spanish was spoken at home by over 35 million people aged 5 or older,<ref name="2009 survey">{{Citation |url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population/ancestry_language_spoken_at_home.html|title=Table 53. Languages Spoken At Home by Language: 2009|work=The 2012 Statistical Abstract|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=December 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225193634/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population/ancestry_language_spoken_at_home.html|archive-date=December 25, 2007}}</ref> making the United States the world's fifth-largest Spanish-speaking community, outnumbered only by [[Mexico]], [[Colombia]], [[Spain]], and [[Argentina]].<ref>Instituto Cervantes (Enciclopedia del español en Estados Unidos)</ref><ref name="Más 'speak spanish' que en España">{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/speak/spanish/Espana/elpepucul/20081006elpepicul_1/Tes|title=Más 'speak spanish' que en España|access-date=October 6, 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520111353/http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/speak/spanish/Espana/elpepucul/20081006elpepicul_1/Tes|archive-date=May 20, 2011}}</ref> Since then, the number of persons reported on the ACS to speak Spanish at home has increased (see table).

====New Mexican Spanish====
{{main|New Mexican Spanish}}
[[File:New Mexico in United States.svg|thumb|The [[State of New Mexico]].]]
In [[northern New Mexico]] and southern [[Colorado]], Spanish speakers have been isolated for centuries in the southern [[Rocky Mountains|Rockies]], and developed a distinct dialect of Spanish spoken nowhere else: [[New Mexican Spanish]]. The dialect features a mix of [[Castilian language|Castilian]], [[Galician language|Galician]] and, more recently, [[Mexican Spanish]], as well as [[Pueblo]] loan words. New Mexican Spanish also contains a large proportion of English loan words, particularly for technological words (e.g. ''bos'', ''troca'', and ''telefón'').

[[Nuevomexicanos|Speakers of New Mexican Spanish]] are mainly descendants of Spanish colonists who arrived in New Mexico in the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. During this time, contact with the rest of Spanish America was limited, and New Mexican Spanish developed on its own course. In the meantime, Spanish colonists coexisted with and intermarried with Puebloan peoples and Navajos. After the Mexican–American War, New Mexico and all its inhabitants came under the governance of the English-speaking United States, and for the next hundred years, English-speakers increased in number.

====Puerto Rican Spanish====
{{main|Puerto Rican Spanish}}
[[File:Map of USA PR.svg|thumb|The [[Commonwealth of Puerto Rico]].]]
Puerto Rican Spanish is the main language and dialect of the people of [[Puerto Rico]], as well as many people descended from Puerto Ricans elsewhere throughout the United States.

====Spanglish====
'''[[Spanglish]]''' is a [[code-switching]] variant of Spanish and English and is spoken in areas with large bilingual populations of Spanish and English speakers, such as along the [[Mexico–United States border]] ([[California]], [[Arizona]], [[New Mexico]], and [[Texas]]), [[Florida]], and [[New York City]].