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=== Cultural branch === In 1983, the Association of Artists (''{{ill|Hunerkom|ku}}'') was established in Germany under the lead of the music group {{Interlanguage link|Koma Berxwedan|lt=Koma Berxwedan|ku||WD=}}. Its activities spread over Kurdish community centers in [[Kurds in France|France]], [[Kurds in Germany|Germany]] and the [[Kurds in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]. In 1994 the Hunerkom was renamed into the 'Kurdish Academy of Culture and Arts'. Koma Berxwedans songs, which often were about the PKK resistance, were forbidden in Turkey and had to be smuggled over the border.<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|last=Gunes|first=Cengiz|title=The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance|year= 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1136587986|pages=112β113|language=en}}</ref>
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