Editing Kingston, Jamaica (section)

==Geography==
Kingston is surrounded by the [[Blue Mountains (Jamaica)|Blue Mountains]], Red Hills, Long Mountain and the [[Kingston Harbour]], which is the seventh largest natural harbour in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burton |first=Morgan |date=2024-01-19 |title=What is the 7th largest natural harbor in the world? |url=https://www.ncesc.com/geographic-faq/what-is-the-7th-largest-natural-harbor-in-the-world/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Geographic FAQ Hub: Answers to Your Global Questions |language=en-US}}</ref> The city is on the [[Liguanea]] plain, an alluvial plain alongside the Hope River. Kingston experiences frequent earthquakes, including the 1907 earthquake.<ref name=":4" />

===Climate===
Kingston has a tropical climate, specifically a [[tropical savanna climate|tropical wet-and-dry climate]] (''Aw/As''), that borders on a hot [[semi-arid climate]] (''BSh''). characterised by a wet season from May to November, which coincides with the hurricane season, and a dry season from December to April. During the dry season, there is not much rainfall, however, cold and stationary fronts occur at this time, and often bring heavy showers, especially in March. Kingston is in the [[rain shadow]] of the Blue Mountains; therefore, little to none of the moisture carried by the Northeast [[Trade Winds]] falls over Kingston, causing Kingston to be very dry in comparison to [[Portland Parish, Jamaica|Portland]] and [[Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica|Saint Mary]] on the windward side of the Blue Mountains. Kingston is on a coastal location, hence it comes under the influence of the sea, though dense urban development can negate this effect. In the 21st century, Kingston has experienced temperatures as high as {{convert|38.8|°C|0}} and as low as {{convert|13.4|°C|0}}. Between 1895 and 1990, the total average rainfall was recorded at {{convert|813|mm|in|abbr=on}}, the highest monthly average rainfall recorded in October at {{convert|177|mm|in|abbr=on}}, and the lowest monthly average rainfall recorded in March at {{convert|18|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=climate /> Fog, hail, thunder and tornadoes are all extremely rare.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voodooskies.com/weather/jamaica/kingston/monthly/climate |title=Voodoo Skies – Kingston Monthly Climate weather history |last=VoodooSkies.com |access-date=14 September 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071838/http://voodooskies.com/weather/jamaica/kingston/monthly/climate |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Kingston ([[St. George's College, Jamaica]])
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes
|Jan high C = 30.3
|Feb high C = 30.2
|Mar high C = 30.7
|Apr high C = 31.1
|May high C = 31.6
|Jun high C = 32.1
|Jul high C = 32.8
|Aug high C = 32.7
|Sep high C = 32.1
|Oct high C = 31.7
|Nov high C = 31.2
|Dec high C = 30.6
|year high C = 31.4
| Jan mean C  =25.7
| Feb mean C  =25.6
| Mar mean C  =26.2
| Apr mean C  =26.9
| May mean C  =27.6
| Jun mean C  =28.2
| Jul mean C  =28.6
| Aug mean C  =28.5
| Sep mean C  =28.1
| Oct mean C  =27.6
| Nov mean C  =27.0
| Dec mean C  =26.2
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = 21.1
|Feb low C = 21.0
|Mar low C = 21.6
|Apr low C = 22.6
|May low C = 23.6
|Jun low C = 24.2
|Jul low C = 24.3
|Aug low C = 24.2
|Sep low C = 24.0
|Oct low C = 23.4
|Nov low C = 22.8
|Dec low C = 21.8
|year low C = 22.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 18
|Feb precipitation mm = 19
|Mar precipitation mm = 20
|Apr precipitation mm = 39
|May precipitation mm = 100
|Jun precipitation mm = 74
|Jul precipitation mm = 42
|Aug precipitation mm = 98
|Sep precipitation mm = 114
|Oct precipitation mm = 177
|Nov precipitation mm = 65
|Dec precipitation mm = 47
|year precipitation mm = 813
|Jan precipitation days = 5
|Feb precipitation days = 5
|Mar precipitation days = 5
|Apr precipitation days = 7
|May precipitation days = 8
|Jun precipitation days = 7
|Jul precipitation days = 6
|Aug precipitation days = 9
|Sep precipitation days = 11
|Oct precipitation days = 14
|Nov precipitation days = 10
|Dec precipitation days = 6
|year precipitation days= 
|time day = 13:00
|Jan humidity = 64
|Feb humidity = 64
|Mar humidity = 64
|Apr humidity = 66
|May humidity = 68
|Jun humidity = 67
|Jul humidity = 64
|Aug humidity = 66
|Sep humidity = 71
|Oct humidity = 73
|Nov humidity = 69
|Dec humidity = 65
|year humidity = 67
|Jan sun = 257.3
|Feb sun = 240.1
|Mar sun = 260.4
|Apr sun = 258.0
|May sun = 254.2
|Jun sun = 237.0
|Jul sun = 260.4
|Aug sun = 257.3
|Sep sun = 213.0
|Oct sun = 223.2
|Nov sun = 222.0
|Dec sun = 235.6
|Jand sun = 8.3
|Febd sun = 8.5
|Mard sun = 8.4
|Aprd sun = 8.6
|Mayd sun = 8.2
|Jund sun = 7.9
|Juld sun = 8.4
|Augd sun = 8.3
|Sepd sun = 7.1
|Octd sun = 7.2
|Novd sun = 7.4
|Decd sun = 7.6
|yeard sun = 
|source 1 = Meteorological Service (Jamaica)<ref name=climate>{{cite web
|url=http://www.metservice.gov.jm/documents/Mean_Climatological_Data.pdf 
|publisher=Meteorological Service (Jamaica) 
|title=Mean Climatological Data 
|access-date=1 September 2016 
|url-status=dead 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916010717/http://www.metservice.gov.jm/documents/Mean_Climatological_Data.pdf 
|archive-date=16 September 2012 
}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box
|location = Kingston, Jamaica ([[Norman Manley International Airport]]) 1991-2020, extremes 1852–present
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = 
|Jan record high C = 35.1
|Feb record high C = 34.8
|Mar record high C = 35.1
|Apr record high C = 35.7
|May record high C = 35.0
|Jun record high C = 36.9
|Jul record high C = 37.1
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 35.8
|Oct record high C = 35.4
|Nov record high C = 37.1
|Dec record high C = 35.0
|year record high C = 37.1
|Jan high C = 30.9
|Feb high C = 30.9
|Mar high C = 30.9
|Apr high C = 31.5
|May high C = 31.9
|Jun high C = 32.6
|Jul high C = 33.1
|Aug high C = 33.1
|Sep high C = 32.9
|Oct high C = 32.3
|Nov high C = 31.9
|Dec high C = 31.4
|year high C = 31.9
| Jan mean C  =26.6
| Feb mean C  =26.6
| Mar mean C  =26.8
| Apr mean C  =27.6
| May mean C  =28.2
| Jun mean C  =29.1
| Jul mean C  =29.3
| Aug mean C  =29.4
| Sep mean C  =29.1
| Oct mean C  =28.5
| Nov mean C  =27.9
| Dec mean C  =27.1
| year mean C =28.0
|Jan low C = 22.9
|Feb low C = 22.8
|Mar low C = 23.3
|Apr low C = 24.2
|May low C = 25.1
|Jun low C = 25.9
|Jul low C = 26.0
|Aug low C = 25.9
|Sep low C = 25.7
|Oct low C = 25.1
|Nov low C = 24.4
|Dec low C = 23.5
|year low C = 24.6
|Jan record low C = 18.5
|Feb record low C = 18.0
|Mar record low C = 18.0
|Apr record low C = 19.2
|May record low C = 20.0
|Jun record low C = 21.0
|Jul record low C = 20.6
|Aug record low C = 19.9
|Sep record low C = 20.0
|Oct record low C = 19.0
|Nov record low C = 19.0
|Dec record low C = 18.0
|year record low C = 18.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 14.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 8.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 24.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 27.9
|May precipitation mm = 98.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 65.3
|Jul precipitation mm = 56.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 102.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 184.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 161.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 88.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 40.8
|year precipitation mm = 885.2
|Jan precipitation days = 10
|Feb precipitation days = 8
|Mar precipitation days = 7
|Apr precipitation days = 9
|May precipitation days = 11
|Jun precipitation days = 7
|Jul precipitation days = 6
|Aug precipitation days = 6
|Sep precipitation days = 9
|Oct precipitation days = 12
|Nov precipitation days = 11
|Dec precipitation days = 9
|year precipitation days = 
|time day = 13:00
|Jan humidity = 81
|Feb humidity = 77
|Mar humidity = 76
|Apr humidity = 78
|May humidity = 78
|Jun humidity = 75
|Jul humidity = 75
|Aug humidity = 76
|Sep humidity = 78
|Oct humidity = 78
|Nov humidity = 80
|Dec humidity = 81
|year humidity = 78
|Jan sun = 259.1
|Feb sun = 246.5
|Mar sun = 268.1
|Apr sun = 272.6
|May sun = 253.3
|Jun sun = 235.3
|Jul sun = 255.3
|Aug sun = 252.3
|Sep sun = 228.9
|Oct sun = 227.4
|Nov sun = 238.0
|Dec sun = 254.9
|year sun = 2928.9
|Jand sun = 7.3
|Febd sun = 7.5
|Mard sun = 7.8
|Aprd sun = 7.6
|Mayd sun = 7.4
|Jund sun = 7.8
|Juld sun = 8.6
|Augd sun = 8.2
|Sepd sun = 7.8
|Octd sun = 7.5
|Novd sun = 7.5
|Decd sun = 7.3
|yeard sun = 
|source 1 = [[NOAA]],<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-4-WMO-Normals-9120/Jamaica/CSV/KingstonNormanManley_78397.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020
| publisher = [[NCEI|National centers for Environmental Information]] |format=CSV
| access-date = 2 August 2023}}</ref> Meteorological Service (Jamaica) (precipitation days, humidity, daily sun)<ref name=climate/>
|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat>
{{cite web 
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1752
| title = Station Norman
| publisher = Meteo Climat 
|language = fr 
| access-date = 1 September 2016}}</ref>
}}