Editing Kickapoo people (section)

==Tribes and communities==
Three federally recognized Kickapoo communities are in the United States in Kansas,  Texas, and Oklahoma. The [[Mexican Kickapoo]] are closely tied to the Texas and Oklahoma communities.  These groups migrate annually among the three locations to maintain connections. Indeed, the Texas and Mexican branches are the same cross-border nation, called the Kickapoo of Coahuila/Texas.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mager|first1=Elisabeth|title=The Kickapoo Of Coahuila/Texas Cultural Implications Of Being A Cross-Border Nation|journal=Voices of Mexico|date=2011|issue=90|pages=36–40|url=http://www.revistascisan.unam.mx/Voices/pdfs/9008.pdf}}</ref>

=== Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas ===
{{Main|Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas}}

The tribe in Kansas was home to prophet Kenekuk, who was known for his astute leadership that allowed the small group to maintain their reservation. Kenekuk wanted to keep order among the tribe he was in, while living in Kansas. He also wanted to focus on keeping the identity of the Kickapoo people, because of all the relocations they had done.<ref name=Herring>{{Cite journal|last=Herring|first=Joseph B.|date=Summer 1985|title=Kenekuk, the Kickapoo Prophet: Acculturation without Assimilation|journal=American Indian Quarterly|volume=9|issue=3|pages=295–307|doi=10.2307/1183831|jstor=1183831}}</ref>

The basis of Kenekuk's leadership began in the religious revivals of the 1820s and 1830s, with a blend of Protestantism and Catholicism. Kenekuk taught his tribesmen and white audiences to obey God's commands, for sinners were damned to the pits of hell.<ref name=Herring/>  Once the Kickapoo people got relocated to Kansas they resisted the ideas of Protestantism and Catholicism and started focusing more on farming, so they could provide food for the rest of the tribe. After this had happened they remained together and claimed some of the original land that they had before it was taken by Americans.

The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas is located at {{coord|39|40|51|N|95|36|41|W|scale:250000}} in the northeastern part of the state in parts of three counties: [[Brown County, Kansas|Brown]], [[Jackson County, Kansas|Jackson]], and [[Atchison County, Kansas|Atchison]]. It has a land area of {{convert|612.203|km2|sqmi}} and a resident population of 4,419 as of the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]]. The largest community on the reservation is the city of [[Horton, Kansas|Horton]]. The other communities are:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*[[Muscotah, Kansas|Muscotah]]
*[[Netawaka, Kansas|Netawaka]] 
*[[Powhattan, Kansas|Powhattan]]
*[[Whiting, Kansas|Whiting]]
*[[Willis, Kansas|Willis]]
{{div col end}}

===Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas===
{{Main|Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas}}
The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas is located at {{coord|28|36|37|N|100|26|19|W|scale:100000}} on the [[Rio Grande]] on the [[U.S.-Mexico border]] in western [[Maverick County, Texas|Maverick County]], just south of the city of [[Ciudad Acuña, Texas|Ciudad Acuña]], as part of the community of [[Rosita South, Texas|Rosita South]]. It has a land area of {{convert|0.4799|km2|acre}} and a 2000 census population of 420 persons. The Texas Indian Commission officially recognized the tribe in 1977.<ref>Miller, Tom. ''On the Border: Portraits of America's Southwestern Frontier'', pp. 67.</ref>

Other Kickapoo in Maverick County, Texas, constitute the "South Texas Subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma". That tribe formerly owned {{convert|917.79|acre|km2}} of non-reservation land in Maverick County, primarily to the north of Eagle Pass, but has sold most of it to a developer. It has an office in that city.<ref>Maverick County Appraisal District property tax appraisals, 2007</ref>

=== Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma ===
{{Main|Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma}}
[[File:Kickapoo wickiup.jpg|thumb|A Kickapoo [[Wigwam|wickiup]], [[Sac and Fox Nation|Sac and Fox Agency]], Oklahoma, c. 1880]]
After being expelled from the [[Republic of Texas]], many Kickapoo moved south to [[Mexico]], but the population of two villages settled in [[Indian Territory]]. One village settled within the [[Chickasaw Nation]] and the other within the [[Creek (people)|Muscogee Creek Nation]]. These Kickapoo were granted their own reservation in 1883 and became recognized as the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma.

The reservation was short-lived. In 1893 under the Dawes Act, their communal tribal lands were broken up<ref>{{Cite journal| last = Withington| first = W.R.| title = Kickapoo Titles in Oklahoma| journal = 23 Oklahoma Bar Association Journal 1751| access-date = 2012-07-19| year = 1952| url = http://thorpe.ou.edu/treatises/kickapoo.html
}}</ref> and assigned to separate member households by allotments.  The tribe's government was dismantled by the [[Curtis Act of 1898]], which encouraged assimilation by Native Americans to the majority culture. Tribal members struggled under these conditions.

In the 1930s the federal and state governments encouraged tribes to reorganize their governments. This one formed the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma in 1936, under the [[Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act]].<ref name="ohs">[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KI004.html Annette Kuhlman, "Kickapoo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230001721/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KI004.html |date=2014-12-30 }}, ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture'', Oklahoma Historical Society, 2009 (accessed 21 February 2009)</ref>

Today the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma is headquartered in [[McLoud, Oklahoma]].  Their tribal jurisdictional area is in [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]], [[Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma|Pottawatomie]], and [[Lincoln County, Oklahoma|Lincoln]] counties. They have 2,719 enrolled tribal members.<ref name=OIA>Oklahoma Indian Affairs. [http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html ''Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory.''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211145522/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/Publications/index.html |date=2009-02-11 }}, 2008:21</ref>