Editing Kampala (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:KAMPALA.LAKE VICTORIA.1 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Victoria]]]]

=== Topography ===
[[File:Apartment block in kololo Kampala.jpg|thumb|left|Apartment block in Kololo]]
The City of Kampala covers a total area of {{convert|189|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}}, comprising {{convert|176|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}} of land and {{convert|13|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}} of water.

Kampala is a hilly place with its valleys filled with sluggish rivers/ swamps. The highest point in the city proper is the summit of [[Kololo]] hill at {{convert|1311|m|ft}}, located in the center of the city and the lowest point at the shores of [[Lake Victoria]] south of the city center at altitude of {{convert|1135|m|ft}}.

==== Hills ====
[[File:Kampala Kasubi Tombs.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Kasubi Tombs]]]]
Kampala was originally [[List of cities claimed to be built on seven hills|built on seven hills]], but it has expanded to cover more than the original seven hills.

The original seven hills are:

* [[Old Kampala]] Hill on which Fort Lugard was located, the first seat of the British colonial authorities in colonial Uganda.
* The second is [[Mengo, Uganda|Mengo Hill]] which was the then Kibuga (capital) of Buganda kingdom at the start of British colonial rule.
* The third is [[Kibuli]] Hill, that is home to the [[Kibuli Mosque]].
* The fourth is [[Namirembe]] Hill, that was home to the Anglican (Wangeleza) faction of the Buganda religious wars of 1888 to 1892 and site of Namirembe [[Anglican]] [[Cathedral]].
* The fifth is [[Lubaga]] Hill, that was home to the White Fathers Catholic (Wafaransa) faction of the above-mentioned Buganda religious wars and also site of the Rubaga Catholic Cathedral.
* The sixth is [[Nsambya]] Hill, site of the former Cathedral of St Peter's Nsambya and allocated to the [[Catholic Church in England and Wales|British Catholic]] Mill Hill Mission during the signing of the Uganda Agreement (1900).
* The seventh is [[Nakasero]] Hill on whose summit was Fort Nakasero, a British military installation built after relocating from Fort Lugard in Old Kampala. The hill was also the site of the European Hospital (the current government analytical laboratory opposite Ministry of Public Service headquarters).

==== Swamps and slow rivers ====
Due to Kampala's hilly nature and tropical climate, the valleys have slow rivers/swamps that tend to flow southwards towards [[Lake Victoria]] or northwards. These seasonal and or permanent swamps cover 15% of Kampala's land area. They include:
* Kinawataka swamp river covering an area of {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}}  flowing southwards into [[Lake Victoria]] and is located in [[Nakawa Division]].<ref name="Gumm">{{Cite journal|last=Gumm|first=Emily|date=2011-04-01|title=The Use and Misuse of Wetlands in Kampala|url=https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1022|journal=Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection}}</ref>
* Nakivubo swamp river covering an area of {{convert|5.29|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}} flowing southwards to Lake Victoria from the foothills of [[Makerere]] and of length {{convert|9|km|mi}}.<ref name="Gumm"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Nakivubo-Channel--where-good-and-bad-meet/691232-1737368-p4nbyc/index.html|title=Nakivubo Channel, where good and bad meet|website=Daily Monitor|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref>
*[[Lubigi]] swamp covering an area of {{convert|2.85|km2|sqmi|abbr=in}} flowing westwards from the foothills of [[Kisaasi]] into the [[Mayanja River]].<ref name="Gumm"/>
* Kansanga swamp<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Wetlands on verge of extinction |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/wetlands-on-verge-of-extinction-1652336 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Monitor }}</ref>
* Kyetinda swamp

=== Vegetation ===
Kampala, due to the diversity of habitats that include [[wetland]]s and hills, was previously covered with short grasses on the tops of the hills, elephant grass (''Pennisetum purpureum'' Schumach.), ''[[Cyperus papyrus]]'', African water lily etc. in the swamps and evergreen forests with trees such as [[Canarium schweinfurthii|African olive (mpafu)]] and [[Ficus natalensis|Natal fig (mutuba)]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=A. S.|date=July 1946|title=The Vegetation of Some Hillsides in Uganda: Illustrations of Human Influence in Tropical Ecology. II|journal=The Journal of Ecology|volume=33|issue=2|pages=153–172|doi=10.2307/2256463|jstor=2256463|bibcode=1946JEcol..33..153T }}</ref>

=== Geology ===
Kampala is located on the [[East African Plateau]] between the two arms of the [[East African Rift]]  and on the northern limits of [[Tanzania craton|Tanzania Craton]].
{{wide image|Kampala from old mosque.jpg|2000px|align-cap=center|360-degree Kampala City panorama from the Old Gaddafi Mosque}}

=== Climate ===
Kampala has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] (''Af'') under the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger climate classification system]].

A facet of Kampala's weather is that it features two annual [[wet season|wetter seasons]]. While the city does not have a true [[dry season]] month, it experiences heavier precipitation from August to December and from February to June.  However, it is between February and June that Kampala sees substantially heavier rainfall per month, with April typically seeing the heaviest amount of precipitation at an average of around {{convert|169|mm|in}} of rain.

{{Weather box|location = Kampala
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 33
|Feb record high C = 36
|Mar record high C = 33
|Apr record high C = 33
|May record high C = 29
|Jun record high C = 29
|Jul record high C = 29
|Aug record high C = 29
|Sep record high C = 31
|Oct record high C = 32
|Nov record high C = 32
|Dec record high C = 32
|Jan high C = 28.6
|Feb high C = 29.3
|Mar high C = 28.7
|Apr high C = 27.7
|May high C = 27.3
|Jun high C = 27.1
|Jul high C = 26.9
|Aug high C = 27.2
|Sep high C = 27.9
|Oct high C = 27.7
|Nov high C = 27.4
|Dec high C = 27.9
|year high C = 27.8
|Jan mean C=23.2
|Feb mean C=23.7
|Mar mean C=23.4
|Apr mean C=22.9
|May mean C=22.6
|Jun mean C=22.4
|Jul mean C=22.0
|Aug mean C=22.2
|Sep mean C=22.6
|Oct mean C=22.6
|Nov mean C=22.5
|Dec mean C=22.7
|Jan low C = 17.7
|Feb low C = 18.0
|Mar low C = 18.1
|Apr low C = 18.0
|May low C = 17.9
|Jun low C = 17.6
|Jul low C = 17.1
|Aug low C = 17.1
|Sep low C = 17.2
|Oct low C = 17.4
|Nov low C = 17.5
|Dec low C = 17.5
|year low C = 17.6
|Jan record low C = 12
|Feb record low C = 14
|Mar record low C = 13
|Apr record low C = 14
|May record low C = 15
|Jun record low C = 12
|Jul record low C = 12
|Aug record low C = 12
|Sep record low C = 13
|Oct record low C = 13
|Nov record low C = 14
|Dec record low C = 12
|rain colour=green
|Jan rain mm = 68.4
|Feb rain mm = 63.0
|Mar rain mm = 131.5
|Apr rain mm = 169.3
|May rain mm = 117.5
|Jun rain mm = 69.2
|Jul rain mm = 63.1
|Aug rain mm = 95.7
|Sep rain mm = 108.4
|Oct rain mm = 138.0
|Nov rain mm = 148.7
|Dec rain mm = 91.5
|year rain mm =
|unit rain days = 1.0 mm
|Jan rain days = 4.8
|Feb rain days = 5.1
|Mar rain days = 9.5
|Apr rain days = 12.2
|May rain days = 10.9
|Jun rain days = 6.3
|Jul rain days = 4.7
|Aug rain days = 6.7
|Sep rain days = 8.6
|Oct rain days = 9.1
|Nov rain days = 8.4
|Dec rain days = 7.4
|year rain days =
|Jan humidity = 66
|Feb humidity = 68.5
|Mar humidity = 73
|Apr humidity = 78.5
|May humidity = 80.5
|Jun humidity = 78.5
|Jul humidity = 77.5
|Aug humidity = 77.5
|Sep humidity = 75.5
|Oct humidity = 73.5
|Nov humidity = 73
|Dec humidity = 71.5
|year humidity = 74.5
|Jan sun = 155
|Feb sun = 170
|Mar sun = 155
|Apr sun = 120
|May sun = 124
|Jun sun = 180
|Jul sun = 186
|Aug sun = 155
|Sep sun = 150
|Oct sun = 155
|Nov sun = 150
|Dec sun = 124
|year sun = 1824
|source 1 = ''[[World Meteorological Organization]]'',<ref name = WMO>{{cite web | title=World Weather Information Service: Kampala | website=World Meteorological Organization | url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1328 | access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref> ''Climate-Data.org'' for mean temperatures<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web | access-date=2019-08-27 | url=https://en.climate-data.org/africa/uganda/central-region/kampala-5578/ | title=Kampala Climate | website=Climate-Data.org}}</ref>

|source 2 = ''BBC Weather''<ref>{{cite web | title=Kampala | website=BBC Weather | url=https://www.bbc.com/weather/232422 | access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}