Editing Jumping (section)

== Standing long jump mechanics ==
{{See also|Standing long jump}}
The optimal take off angle for a standing long jump (performed by a human) has been theoretically calculated to be ~22.6°,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Wakai |first1=Masaki |last2=Linthorne |first2=Nicholas P. |date=February 2005 |title=Optimum take-off angle in the standing long jump |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15949583/ |journal=Human Movement Science |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=81–96 |doi=10.1016/j.humov.2004.12.001 |issn=0167-9457 |pmid=15949583|citeseerx=10.1.1.426.3112 }}</ref> substantially lower than the optimal take off angle for a projectile (i.e. 45°).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 9, 2010 |title=How Should You Launch a Ball to Achieve the Greatest Distance? |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/football-projectile-motion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618011521/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/football-projectile-motion/ |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> This is due to take-off speed decreasing with take-off angle due to the jumper's body configuration.<ref name=":1" /> It has been shown that experienced [[parkour]] athletes use a take off angle of ~25.6°, whereas beginner [[:Category:Traceurs|traceurs]] use an angle of ~ 34°.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Grosprêtre |first1=Sidney |last2=Ufland |first2=Pierre |last3=Jecker |first3=Daniel |date=2018 |title=The adaptation to standing long jump distance in parkour is performed by the modulation of specific variables prior and during take-off |url=https://www.mov-sport-sciences.org/articles/sm/abs/2018/02/sm170008/sm170008.html |journal=Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité |language=en |issue=100 |pages=27–37 |doi=10.1051/sm/2017022 |issn=2118-5735|doi-access=free }}</ref> Experienced athletes also swing their arms to a greater extent and rock backwards before taking off. These factors help parkour athletes to carry out longer standing long jumps than beginners.<ref name=":2" />

The (official) male standing long jump world record is 371 cm, and the female record is 292 cm (both as of June 2023). These were achieved by Arne Tvervaag and Annelin Mannes respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Standing long jumps (Ath) |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/64803-standing-long-jumps-ath |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618013636/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/64803-standing-long-jumps-ath |archive-date=2023-06-18 |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-gb}}</ref> Standing long jump distances range between 146.2 cm and 219.8 cm (10th to 90th percentile) for 18-year-old men, and between 100 cm and 157 cm for 18-year-old women.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Ewan |last2=Petrigna |first2=Luca |last3=Tabacchi |first3=Garden |last4=Teixeira |first4=Eduardo |last5=Pajaujiene |first5=Simona |last6=Sturm |first6=David J. |last7=Sahin |first7=Fatma Nese |last8=Gómez-López |first8=Manuel |last9=Pausic |first9=Jelena |last10=Paoli |first10=Antonio |last11=Alesi |first11=Marianna |last12=Bianco |first12=Antonino |date=2020-06-17 |title=Percentile values of the standing broad jump in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old |journal=European Journal of Translational Myology |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=9050 |doi=10.4081/ejtm.2019.9050 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=2037-7452 |pmc=7385687 |pmid=32782766}}</ref>