Editing Juba II (section)

==Works==
===Writings===
[[File:JubaIIMauretania.JPG|thumb|Coin of Juba II.]]
Juba wrote a number of books in [[Greek language|Greek]] on history, natural history, geography, grammar, painting and theatre. He compiled a comparison of Greek and Roman institutions known as Όμοιότητες (''Resemblances'').<ref>F Jacoby, ''[[Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft]]'', 1916, s.v.</ref> His guide to Arabia became a bestseller in Rome. Only fragments of his works survive. He collected a substantial library on a wide variety of topics, which no doubt complemented his own prolific output. [[Pliny the Elder]] refers to him as an authority 65&nbsp;times in the ''Natural History'' and in [[Athens]], a monument was built in the [[Gymnasium of Ptolemy]] in recognition of his writings.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|last=Elder.)|first=Pliny (the|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9zwZAAAAYAAJ |title=The Natural History of Pliny|date=1857|publisher=H. G. Bohn|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Braund|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwBSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78 |title=Rome and the Friendly King (Routledge Revivals): The Character of Client Kingship|date=2014-04-08|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-80301-0|language=en}}</ref>

Ten works by Juba II have provisionally been identified, but all are fragmentary:

*''Roman Archaeology'', in two books<ref name=RollerAppendix>Duane W. Roller, ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'' (Routledge, 2003), pp. 61–63. {{ISBN|0-415-30596-9}}.</ref>
*''Resemblances'', in at least fifteen books<ref name=RollerAppendix/>
*''On Painting'', in at least eight books<ref name=RollerAppendix/>
*''Theatrical History'', in at least seventeen books<ref name=RollerAppendix/>
*''The Wanderings of Hanno'', possibly a translation of the periplus of [[Hanno the Navigator]]<ref name=RollerAppendix/>
*''On Euphorbion'', a pamphlet<ref name=RollerAppendix/>
*''Libyka'', in at least three books<ref name=RollerAppendix/>
*''On Arabia'', which is the only work by Juba that may have been in Latin<ref name=Roller165>Duane W. Roller, ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'' (Routledge, 2003), p. 165. {{ISBN|0-415-30596-9}}.</ref>
*''On Assyria'', in two books<ref name=RollerAppendix/>
*Epigrams, of which six lines of one quoted by [[Athenaeus]] are all that survives<ref name=RollerAppendix/>

Juba's works survive only in quotations or citations by others, in both Greek and Latin. There are around 100 of these, about half in [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]''.<ref name=Roller165/> Others can be found in Athenaeus, [[Plutarch]], [[Claudius Aelianus]] [[Harpocration|Harpokration]], [[Pedanius Dioscorides|Dioscórides]], [[Galen]], [[Philostratus]], [[Aelius Herodianus|Herodian]], [[Tatian]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], [[Gaius Julius Solinus|Solinus]], [[Hesychius of Miletus]], [[Stephanus of Byzantium|Stephanos of Byzantium]], [[Photios I of Constantinople|Photios]], the ''[[Etymologicum Magnum]]'', the ''[[Geoponica]]'' and various [[scholia]] on classical authors.<ref name=RollerAppendix/>

Juba may have written plays, but these are not quoted, and no titles are known. The supposition relies on a reading of a passage in Athenaeus. There are two late citations to Juba that seem to be spurious. Photios cites the otherwise unknown ''On the Deterioration of Words'', while [[Fabius Planciades Fulgentius|Fulgentius]] cites a certain ''Fisiologia''. Both may have been epitomes of Juba's authentic works.<ref name=Roller179>Duane W. Roller, ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'' (Routledge, 2003), pp. 179–181. {{ISBN|0-415-30596-9}}.</ref>

A treaty on metrics was formerly ascribed to him, but is now generally thought to have been written by an [[Juba (Roman metrician)|homonym]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ippolito |first1=Antonella |title=Iubas [1] |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-9278_Iubas_1_II |website=Lexicon of Greek Grammarians of Antiquity |publisher=Brill |doi=10.1163/2451-9278_Iubas_1_II |access-date=5 January 2024}}</ref>

===Patron of arts and sciences===
Juba II was a noted patron of the arts and sciences and sponsored several expeditions and biological research. According to [[Pliny the Younger]], Juba II sent an expedition to the [[Canary Islands]] and [[Madeira]].<ref>O'Brien, Sally and Sarah Andrews. (2004) ''Lonely Planet Canary Islands'' "Lonely Planet". p. 59. {{ISBN|1-74059-374-X}}.</ref> He named them the Canary Islands for the particularly ferocious dogs (''canarius'' – from ''canis'' – meaning ''of the dogs'' in Latin) the expedition found there.

[[Philostratus|Flavius Philostratus]] recalled one of his anecdotes: "And I have read in the discourse of Juba that elephants assist one another when they are being hunted, and that they will defend one that is exhausted, and if they can remove him out of danger, they anoint his wounds with the tears of the aloe tree, standing round him like physicians."<ref>Flavius Philostratus, ''Life of Apollonius of Tyana'', Loeb Classical Library, Book II, Chapter XVI, translated by F.C. Conybeare</ref>

Juba's Greek physician [[Euphorbus (physician)|Euphorbus]] wrote that a [[Succulent plant|succulent]] [[Euphorbia|spurge]] found in the High Atlas was a powerful [[laxative]].<ref name="FPSMM">Flowering Plants of the Santa Monica Mountains, p 107, 1985, CNPS</ref> In 12 BC, Juba named this plant ''[[Euphorbia]]'' after Euphorbus, in response to [[Augustus]] dedicating a statue to [[Antonius Musa]], Augustus's own personal physician and Euphorbus's brother.<ref name="FPSMM" /> Botanist and taxonomist [[Carl Linnaeus]] assigned the name ''Euphorbia'' to the entire genus in the physician's honour.<ref>Linnaeus (1753): p.450</ref> ''Euphorbia'' was later called ''[[Euphorbia regis-jubae]]'' ("King Juba's euphorbia") to honour the king's contributions to natural history and his role in bringing the genus to notice.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Briones |first=Julià Molero |last2=Pereira |first2=Trinidad Arcos |last3=Carrasco |first3=María Dolores García de Paso |last4=Reyes-Betancort |first4=Jorge Alfredo |last5=Santos‐Guerra |first5=Arnoldo |last6=Jestrow |first6=Brett |last7=Francisco‐Ortega |first7=Javier |date=2025-04-30 |title=On the Macaronesian endemic woody spurge Euphorbia regis‐jubae Webb & Berthel. and eponyms honouring the Numidian King Juba II (48 BCE –23/24 CE) |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134297198 |journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine |doi=10.1111/CURT.12623}}</ref> The [[Arecaceae|palm tree]] genus ''[[Jubaea]]'' is also named after Juba.<ref name="Kew">{{cite web |title=Chilean wine palm |url=https://temperate.house/plant/chilean-wine-palm/ |website=Temperate House, Kew Gardens |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023224353/https://temperate.house/plant/chilean-wine-palm/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The following plant genera, species and varieties have been named after Juba:<ref name=":0" />

* ''[[Callitriche regis-jubae]]'' - an aquatic plant from the western Mediterranean.
* ''[[Euphorbia jubaeaphylla|Euphorbia ×jubaeaphylla]] -'' a named hybrid between two ''Euphorbia'' species on Tenerife, Canary Islands.
* ''[[Euphorbia regis-jubae]] -'' another spurge from the Canary Islands and Western Sahara
* ''[[Jubaea]] -'' a native palm from Chile, with one species.
* ''[[Jubaeopsis]]'' - a native palm from South Africa, with one species.
* ''[[Jubautia|×Jubautia]] -'' a hybrid reported in cultivation between ''Jubaea chilensis'' and ''[[Butia capitata]].''
* ''[[Parajubaea]] -'' a genus of palm trees from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
* ''[[Phoenix dactylifera]]'' var. ''jubae -'' a variety of palm from the Canary Islands, now known as ''[[Phoenix canariensis|P. canariensis]].''
* ''[[Sonchus regis-jubae]]'' - a sow thistle from La Gomera, Canary Islands.