Editing Johnson & Johnson (section)

=== 1944–1999: Acquisitions and international expansion ===
[[File:Johnson and Johnson Logo.svg|thumb|Variation of logo used from the company's establishment until September 14, 2023.]]
In 1944, the company began selling [[Johnson's Baby]] Lotion. The same year, the company established Ethicon Suture Laboratories. In 1947, G. F. Merson Ltd. was acquired to expand the company's suture business in the United Kingdom. The company was rebranded and absorbed into [[Ethicon]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2016 |title=ETHICON History |url=http://www.ethiconproducts.co.uk/about/ethicon-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110154950/http://www.ethiconproducts.co.uk/about/ethicon-history |archive-date=January 10, 2016  |access-date=August 30, 2022 }}</ref>

Johnson & Johnson [[Chairperson|chairman of the board]], Robert Wood Johnson, published ''Or Forfeit Freedom'', in 1947. The book outlined that businesses need to develop [[Sustainability|sustainable]] methods of using [[natural resource]]s for the future of business and the planet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Wood Johnson II Writes Or Forfeit Freedom {{!}} Johnson & Johnson Our Story |url=https://ourstory.jnj.com/johnson-writes-or-forfeit-freedom |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=ourstory.jnj.com}}</ref>

In 1955, Ethicon developed a micro-point reverse-cutting ophthalmic needle attached to the suture. Micro-point surgical needles and sutures allowed for advances in modern vision surgery.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 3, 2014 |title=A Comparison of Suturing Needles Available |url=https://www.theapprenticedoctor.com/comparison-different-suturing-needles-available-today/ |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=The Apprentice Doctor |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Byrne |first1=Miriam |last2=Aly |first2=Al |date=March 14, 2019 |title=The Surgical Needle |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30869752/ |journal=Aesthetic Surgery Journal |volume=39 |issue=Suppl_2 |pages=S73–S77 |doi=10.1093/asj/sjz035 |issn=1527-330X |pmid=30869752}}</ref> In 1956, the company opened its first Asia-based operating company in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnson & Johnson Expands to the Philippines {{!}} Johnson & Johnson Our Story |url=https://ourstory.jnj.com/johnson-johnson-expands-philippines |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=ourstory.jnj.com}}</ref> The following year, an operating company opened in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Expanding to India {{!}} Johnson & Johnson Our Story |url=https://ourstory.jnj.com/expanding-india |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=ourstory.jnj.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnson & Johnson Private Limited – Manufacturer from Jogeshwari (E), Mumbai, India {{!}} About Us |url=https://www.indiamart.com/jnj-india/profile.html |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=www.indiamart.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Check |first=The Company |title=Johnson & Johnson Private Limited – Company Details {{!}} The Company Check |url=https://www.thecompanycheck.com/company/johnson-johnson-private-limited/U33110MH1957PTC010928 |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=www.thecompanycheck.com |language=en-IN}}</ref>

In 1959, Johnson & Johnson acquired McNeil Laboratories.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2021 |title=A history of Johnson & Johnson |url=https://pharmaphorum.com/views-analysis-sales-marketing/a-history-of-johnson-johnson/ |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=pharmaphorum.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> A year later, the company sold Tylenol for the first time without a prescription.<ref name=":0" /> In the same year, Cilag Chemie joined Johnson & Johnson as Cilag.<ref name=":0" /> 

In 1961, Johnson & Johnson acquired [[Janssen Pharmaceuticals]], which had been founded in 1953 by Belgian scientist [[Paul Janssen]],<ref name=":0" /> the inventor of [[Fentanyl]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/09/04/757089868/fentanyl-as-a-dark-web-profit-center-from-chinese-labs-to-u-s-streets#:~:text=On%20how%20Belgian%20physician%20Paul%20Janssen%20invented%20fentanyl&text=He%20started%20his%20own%20company,is%20also%20a%20medical%20drug. | website=[[NPR]] |title=Fentanyl As A Dark Web Profit Center, From Chinese Labs To U.S. Streets}}</ref>

In 1963, [[Philip B. Hofmann]] succeeded Robert Wood Johnson as chairman and CEO. He was the first non-Johnson family member to become chief executive. Hofmann also helped found the [[Robert Wood Johnson Foundation]].<ref name=":1" /> In the same year, the Food and Drug Administration approved a synthetic hormone contraceptive pill, Ortho-Novum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ortho-Novum Oral Contraceptive |url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_557425 |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=National Museum of American History |language=en}}</ref>

In 1965, Johnson & Johnson acquired Codman & Shurtleff. The acquired company produced neurovascular devices and neurosurgery technologies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winokoor |first=Charles |title=Johnson & Johnson's Codman & Shurtleff surgical instrument line sold to Indiana company |url=https://www.tauntongazette.com/story/entertainment/movies/2011/12/19/johnson-johnson-s-codman-shurtleff/38263438007/ |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=Taunton Daily Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1968, the company developed the [[Rho(D) immune globulin|RhoGAM]] vaccine. The vaccine prevented Rh hemolytic disease in newborns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2018 |title=RhoGAM at 50: A Columbia Drug Still Saving Lives of Newborns |url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/rhogam-50-columbia-drug-still-saving-lives-newborns |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=Columbia University Irving Medical Center |language=en}}</ref>

In 1969, Ortho Diagnostics, a company subsidiary, launched the Sickledex Tube Test for detecting anemia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Henry |first1=R. L. |last2=Nalbandian |first2=R. M. |last3=Nichols |first3=B. M. |last4=Camp |first4=F. R. |last5=Conte |first5=N. F. |last6=Wolf |first6=P. L. |date=April 1, 1971 |title=Modified Sickledex tube test: a specific test for S hemoglobin |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912071915049 |journal=Clinical Biochemistry |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=196–207 |doi=10.1016/S0009-9120(71)91504-9 |pmid=5143535 |issn=0009-9120}}</ref> The same year, the FDA approved the Johnson & Johnson arterial graft.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2021 |title=Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/coronary-artery-bypass-graft-surgery |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=www.hopkinsmedicine.org |language=en}}</ref> In 1971, the company launched Hapindex Diagnostic Test, a rapid [[hepatitis B]] test for blood donors. The test was developed to prevent the spread of hepatitis B through blood transfusions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Caul |first1=E. O. |last2=Roberts |first2=P. C. |date=December 1974 |title=An evaluation of low voltage counterimmuno-electrophoresis for the detection of hepatitis-B antigen (HB Ag) |journal=Journal of Clinical Pathology |volume=27 |issue=12 |pages=990–993 |doi=10.1136/jcp.27.12.990 |issn=0021-9746 |pmid=4156037|pmc=475570 }}</ref>

In the 1970s, Johnson & Johnson hired Henry N. Cobb from Pei Cobb Freed & Partners to design its new headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Learning from our Late-Modern Legacy |url=http://www.docomomo-us.org/news/learning-from-our-late-modern-legacy |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=www.docomomo-us.org |language=en}}</ref> The firm designed Johnson & Johnson Plaza across the railroad tracks from the older section of the Johnson & Johnson campus.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dorothea |first1=Berkhout |title=New Brunswick, New Jersey, The Decline and Revitalization of Urban America |last2=Listokin |first2=David |last3=Hughes |first3=James |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0813575148}}</ref>

In 1973, [[Richard B. Sellars|Richard Sellars]] became chairman and CEO of Johnson & Johnson.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Abelson |first=Reed |date=June 27, 2010 |title=Richard B. Sellars, Former Chief of Johnson & Johnson, Dies at 94 |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/27/business/27sellars.html |access-date=August 30, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 1976, [[James E. Burke]] became the company's chairman and CEO.<ref name=":0"/> During Burke's tenure, he managed the [[Chicago Tylenol murders|1982 Tylenol tampering incident]]. It became a case study on crisis management. Under his leadership, the company recalled 31 million bottles of Tylenol, relaunched the product with a triple tamper-evident seal, and urged consumers not to use if tampered with. These practices became the pharmaceutical and packaged food industry norm.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hilts |first=Philip J. |date=November 12, 1982 |title=Tylenol Is Reintroduced In Triple-Sealed Package |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/11/12/tylenol-is-reintroduced-in-triple-sealed-package/1831aa9c-be08-4c93-a4de-b54e8c0428ed/ |access-date=August 30, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

Johnson & Johnson opened operating companies in China and Egypt in 1985.<ref name=":0"/> In 1987, [[Acuvue]] [[contact lens]]es became the first disposable contact lenses available to consumers. The lenses lasted up to one week, reducing the cost of contact lenses. In the same year, the company launched One Touch, a blood glucose monitoring system. In 1989, [[Ralph S. Larsen]] was appointed chairman and CEO of the company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2012 |title=Ralph S. Larsen – Robert Wood Johnson Foundation |url=http://www.rwjf.org/en/about-rwjf/leadership-staff/board-of-trustees/ralph-s--larsen.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020073724/http://www.rwjf.org/en/about-rwjf/leadership-staff/board-of-trustees/ralph-s--larsen.html |archive-date=October 20, 2012  |access-date=August 30, 2022 }}</ref>

After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Johnson & Johnson expanded into eastern Europe. By 1991, the company had a presence in Hungary, Russia, the [[Czech Republic]], and Poland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnson & Johnson Reaches Eastern Europe {{!}} Johnson & Johnson Our Story |url=https://ourstory.jnj.com/johnson-johnson-reaches-eastern-europe |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=ourstory.jnj.com}}</ref> In the 1990s, the company acquired many familiar consumer health brands that made up the Johnson & Johnson family of companies. These acquisitions included [[Clean & Clear]], [[Neutrogena]], [[Motrin]], and [[Aveeno]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=History of Johnson & Johnson – FundingUniverse |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/johnson-johnson-history/ |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=www.fundinguniverse.com}}</ref>

Johnson & Johnson opened an operating company in Israel in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnson & Johnson Opens in Israel {{!}} Johnson & Johnson Our Story |url=https://ourstory.jnj.com/johnson-johnson-opens-israel |access-date=August 30, 2022 |website=ourstory.jnj.com}}</ref> In 1997, Johnson & Johnson acquired Biosense Webster. [[DePuy Synthes|DePuy]] was acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 1998, rolling it into the Medtech business group.<ref name=":1" />