Editing John IV of Portugal (section)

==Death and legacy==
King John IV died in 1656 and was succeeded by his son [[Afonso VI of Portugal|Afonso VI]]. His daughter, [[Catherine of Braganza]], married King [[Charles II of England]].<ref name="EB1911"/> Bombay in India was given as dowry to the English.

John was a patron of music and the arts, and a considerably sophisticated writer on music; in addition to this, he was a composer. During his reign he collected one of the largest libraries in the world, but it was destroyed in the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|Lisbon earthquake of 1755]]. Among his writings are a defense of [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina|Palestrina]], and a ''Defense of Modern Music'' (Lisbon, 1649).<ref>{{cite book |last= John IV |first= King of Portugal |author-link= John IV of Portugal |editor-last= Ribeiro |editor-first= Mário de Sampayo |year= 1965 |orig-year= 1649 |title= Defensa de la musica moderna contra la errada opinion del Obispo Cyrilo Franco |language= Spanish |trans-title= Defense of modern music against the mistaken opinion of Bishop [[Bernardino Cirillo|Cyrilo Franco]] |edition= reprint |series= Acta Universitatis Conimbrigensis |publisher= [[University of Coimbra]] |location= [[Portugal]] |isbn= 9789726160564 |oclc= 258290532 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2gQLAAAAMAAJ}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=-TN0Vf9GwSMC 'View digitized copy of originai 1649 book']</ref> One famous composition attributed to him is a setting of the ''[[Crux fidelis]]'', a work that remains highly popular during [[Holy Week]] amongst church choirs. However, no known manuscript of the work exists, and it was first published only in 1869, in [[France]]. On stylistic grounds, it is generally recognized that the work was written in the 19th century.<ref>Grove Dictionary of Music: ''Doubtful: Crux fidelis, 4vv, D-Dlb; ed. G. Schmitt, Anthologie universelle de musique sacrée (Paris, 1869); ed. J. Santos, A polifonia clássica portuguesa (Lisbon, 1937)''</ref>

In 1646, John IV proclaimed Mary, in her conception as the Immaculate Conception (the 'Immaculata'), the [[Patronages of the Immaculate Conception|Patroness of Portugal by royal decree of the House of Braganza]]. The doctrine had appeared in the Middle Ages and had been fiercely debated in the 15th and 16th centuries, but a bull issued in 1616 by Pope Paul V finally "[forbade] anyone to teach or preach a contrary opinion."<ref>Bartomomé Estebán Murillo and Nancy Coe Wixom, "The Immaculate Conception", ''The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art'', Vol. 47, No. 7 (Sept, 1960), p. 163.</ref> Three years later, in 1649, the iconography of the Immaculata was established by Francisco Pacheco (1564–1654), a Spanish artistic advisor to the Inquisition, based on ''Revelation XII:1''.<ref>Anna Jameson, ''Legends of the Madonna'', Boston & New York, 1895, p. 14.</ref>