Editing Johann Heinrich Lambert (section)

=== Logic and philosophy ===
In his main philosophical work, ''Neues Organon'' (''New Organon'', 1764, named after [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Organon]]''), Lambert studied the rules for distinguishing [[Subjectivity|subjective]] from [[Objectivity (science)|objective]] appearances, connecting with his work in [[optics]]. The ''Neues Organon'' contains one of the first appearances of the term ''phenomenology'',<ref>In his Preface, p. 4, of vol. I, Lambert called phenomenology "the doctrine of appearance." In vol. ii, he discussed sense appearance, psychological appearance, moral appearance, probability, and perspective.</ref> and it includes a presentation of the various [[syllogism#Types|kinds of syllogism]]. According to [[John Stuart Mill]], {{blockquote| The German philosopher Lambert, whose ''Neues Organon'' (published in the year 1764) contains among other things one of the most elaborate and complete expositions of the [[syllogism|syllogistic doctrine]], has expressly examined which sort of arguments fall most suitably and naturally into each of the four figures; and his investigation is characterized by great ingenuity and clearness of thought.<ref>[[J. S. Mill]] (1843) [https://archive.org/details/systemofratiocin00milluoft/page/130 A System of Logic], page 130 via [[Internet Archive]]</ref>}}

A modern edition of the ''Neues Organon'' was published in 1990 by the Akademie-Verlag of Berlin.

In 1765 Lambert began corresponding with [[Immanuel Kant]].  Kant intended to dedicate the ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]'' to Lambert, but the work was delayed, appearing after Lambert's death.<ref>O'Leary M., ''Revolutions of Geometry'', London:Wiley, 2010, p.385</ref>