Editing Joan of Arc (section)

===Orléans===
[[File:Scherrer jeanne enters orlean.jpg|thumb|left|''Joan of Arc Enters Orléans'' by [[Jean-Jacques Scherrer]] (1887, [[Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans]])|alt=Joan of Arc on horseback with armor and holding banner being greeted by the people of Orléans.]]

In the last week of April 1429, Joan set out from [[Blois]] as part of an army carrying supplies for the relief of Orléans.{{sfnm|Barker|2009|1p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/110 110]|DeVries|1999|2p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/71 71]}} She arrived there on 29 April{{sfn|Barker|2009 |p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/114 114]}} and met the commander [[Jean de Dunois]], the [[Legitimacy (family law)|Bastard]] of Orléans.{{sfn|Richey|2003|p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/50 50]}} Orléans was not completely cut off, and Dunois got her into the city, where she was greeted enthusiastically.{{sfnm|1a1=Barker|1y=2009|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/114 114–115]|2a1=Gies|2y=1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/72 72]|3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/40 40–41]}} Joan was initially treated as a figurehead to raise morale,{{sfnm|Barker|2009|1p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/118 118]|Warner|1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/64 64]}} flying her banner on the battlefield.{{sfnm|1a1=Gies|1y=1981|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/168 168]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/114 114]|3a1=Warner|3y=1981|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/68 68]}} She was not given any formal command{{sfnm|Richey|2003|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/39 39]|DeVries|1999|2p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/76 76]}} or included in military councils{{sfnm|1a1=Gies|1y=1981|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/71 71],[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/75 75]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/39 39]|3a1=Warner|3y=1981|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/64 64]}} but quickly gained the support of the Armagnac troops. She always seemed to be present where the fighting was most intense, she frequently stayed with the front ranks, and she gave them a sense she was fighting for their salvation.{{sfnm|1a1=DeVries|1y=1996|1p=[https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/4 4]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/230 230]|3a1=Richey|3y=2003|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/40 40]}} Armagnac commanders would sometimes accept the advice she gave them, such as deciding what position to attack, when to continue an assault, and how to place artillery.{{sfnm|DeVries|1999|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/103 103–104]|Gies|1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/86 86]}}

On 4 May, the Armagnacs went on the offensive, attacking the outlying {{lang|fr|bastille de Saint-Loup}} (fortress of [[Saint-Jean-de-Braye|Saint Loup]]). Once Joan learned of the attack, she rode out with her banner to the site of the battle, a mile east of Orléans. She arrived as the Armagnac soldiers were retreating after a failed assault. Her appearance rallied the soldiers, who attacked again and took the fortress.{{sfnm|1a1=Barker|1y=2009|1p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/116 116]|2a1=Gies|2y=1981|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/74 74–75]|3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/43 43–44]}} On 5 May, no combat occurred since it was [[Ascension Thursday]], a [[feast day]]. She dictated another letter to the English warning them to leave France and had it tied to a [[crossbow bolt|bolt]], which was fired by a crossbowman.{{sfnm|1a1=Harrison|1y=2014|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclifetra0000harr/page/150 150–151]|2a1=Richey|2y=2003|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/57 57]|3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/43 44]}}

The Armagnacs resumed their offensive on 6 May, capturing [[Saint-Jean-le-Blanc, Loiret|Saint-Jean-le-Blanc]], which the English had deserted.{{sfnm|1a1=Barker|1y=2009|1p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/117 117]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/45 45]}} The Armagnac commanders wanted to stop, but Joan encouraged them to launch an [[Siege of Orléans#Assault on the Augustines|assault on ''les Augustins'']], an English fortress built around a monastery.{{sfnm|1a1=Barker|1y=2009|1p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/117 117]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/45 45]|3a1=Richey|3y=2003|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/58 58]}} After its capture,{{sfnm|1a1=Barker|1y=2009|1p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/118 118]|2a1=DeVries|2y=1999|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/82 82–85]| 3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/45 45–46]}} the Armagnac commanders wanted to consolidate their gains, but Joan again argued for continuing the offensive.{{sfnm|1a1=DeVries|1y=1999|1p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/85 85]|2a1=Gies|2y=1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/78 78]|3a1=Pernoud|3a2=Clin|3y=1986|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/46 46]}} On the morning of 7 May, the Armagnacs attacked the main English stronghold, ''les Tourelles''. Joan was wounded by an arrow between the neck and shoulder while holding her banner in the trench on the south bank of the river but later returned to encourage the final assault that took the fortress.{{sfnm|1a1=Gies|1y=1981|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/79 79–78]|2a1=Pernoud|2a2=Clin|2y=1986|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/47 47]|3a1=Richey|3y=2003|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcwarrior0000rich/page/61 61]}} The English retreated from Orléans on 8 May, ending the siege.{{sfnm|1a1=Barker|1y=2009|1p=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/119 119]|2a1=DeVries|2y=1999|2p=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780750918053/page/91 91]|3a1=Gies|3y=1981|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/81 81]}}

At Chinon, Joan had declared that she was sent by God.{{sfnm|1a1=Pernoud|1a2=Clin|1y=1986|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/22 22]|2a1=Warner|2y=1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/63 63]}} At Poitiers, when she was asked to show a sign demonstrating this claim, she replied that it would be given if she were brought to Orléans. The lifting of the siege was interpreted by many people to be that sign.{{sfnm|1a1=Pernoud|1a2=Clin|1y=1986|1p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcherstor00pern/page/56 56]|2a1=Warner|2y=1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/63 63]}} Prominent clergy such as {{ill|Jacques Gélu|fr}}, [[Archbishop of Embrun]],{{sfn|Fraioli|2000|pp=[{{Google books|id=ul8dKmHXYt0C|pg=PA87|plainurl=yes}} 87]–[{{Google books|id=ul8dKmHXYt0C|pg=PA88|plainurl=yes}} 88]}} and the theologian [[Jean Gerson]]{{sfn|Michelet|1855|pp=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcmaidofo00mich/page/80 80–81]}} wrote treatises in support of Joan after this victory.{{sfnm|Lang|1909|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/maidoffrancebein00languoft/page/146 146–147] |Warner|1981|2p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarcimageof0000warn/page/63 63]}} In contrast, the English saw the ability of this peasant girl to defeat their armies as proof she was possessed by the devil.{{sfnm|Boyd|1986|1p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20716744&?seq=5 116]|DeVries|1996|2p=[https://archive.org/details/freshverdictsonj0000unse/page/10 10]|Gies|1981|3p=[https://archive.org/details/joanofarclegendr0000gies/page/87 87]|Seward|1982|4pp=[https://archive.org/details/hundredyearsware0000sewa/page/213 213–214]}}