Editing Jef Raskin (section)

====Macintosh====
[[File:Macintosh 128k transparency.png|thumb|The launched [[Macintosh 128K|Macintosh]] has slight resemblance to Raskin's design.]]
Raskin started the [[Macintosh 128K|Macintosh]] project in 1979 to implement some of these ideas. He later hired his former student [[Bill Atkinson]] from UCSD to Apple, along with [[Andy Hertzfeld]] and [[Burrell Smith]] from the Apple Service Department, which was located in the same building as the Publications Department. Secretly bypassing Jobs's ego and authority by continually securing permission and funding directly at the executive level, Raskin created and solely supervised the Macintosh project for approximately its first year. This included selecting the name of his favorite apple, writing the mission document ''The Book of Macintosh'', securing office space, and recruiting and managing the original staff.<ref name="Insanely Great"/>{{rp|111}} Author Steven Levy said, "It was Raskin who provided the powerful vision of a computer whose legacy would be low cost, high utility, and a groundbreaking friendliness."<ref name="Insanely Great">{{cite book | first=Steven | last=Levy | author-link=Steven Levy | date=2000 | orig-year=1994 | publisher=Penguin Books | location=[[New York City]] | title=Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything | isbn=0140291776 | oclc=474924791}}</ref>{{rp|122}}

The prototype was similar in power to the Apple II and included a small {{convert|9|in|mm|adj=on}} black-and-white character [[Cathode-ray tube|display]] and floppy drive, in a small case. It was text only, as Raskin disliked the computer mouse or anything else that could take his hands from the keyboard.<ref name="Insanely Great"/>{{rp|111}} Several basic applications were built into the machine, selectable by pressing function keys. The machine included logic to understand user intentions and switch programs dynamically. For instance, if the user simply started typing text it switched into editor mode, and if numbers are typed it switched to calculator mode. In many cases these switches were largely invisible to the user.

{{quote box | width=25% | align=right | text=It was clear that Macintosh was the most interesting thing at Apple—and Steve Jobs took it over. | source=Jef Raskin<ref name="Insanely Great"/>{{rp|111}}}}
In 1981, after the [[Apple Lisa|Lisa]] team had "kicked him out", [[Steve Jobs]]'s attention drew toward Raskin's Macintosh project, intending to combine the [[PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]-inspired [[graphical user interface|GUI]]-based Lisa design to Raskin's appliance-computing, "computers-by-the-millions" concept. [[Steve Wozniak]], who around then had been co-leading the Macintosh team with Raskin, was on hiatus from the company following a traumatic airplane accident, allowing Jobs to take managerial lead over the project.<ref name=TheVerge>{{cite web|title=Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product|date=June 27, 2013 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life|access-date=June 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014832/http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life|archive-date=March 12, 2016}}</ref>

Raskin is credited as one of the first to introduce Jobs and the Lisa engineers to the PARC concepts, though he ultimately dismissed PARC's technology and opposed the use of the mouse.<ref name="Insanely Great"/>{{rp|110}} Raskin claimed to have had continued direct input into the eventual Mac design, including the decision to use a one-button mouse as part of the Apple interface, instead of PARC's 3-button mouse.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Others, including [[Larry Tesler]], acknowledge his advocacy for a one-button mouse but say that it was a decision reached simultaneously by others at Apple who had stronger authority on the issue.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Raskin later stated that were he to redesign the mouse, it would have three clearly labeled buttons—two buttons on top marked "Select" and "Activate", and a "Grab" button on the side that could be used by squeezing the mouse.<ref>''The Humane Interface'' Appendix A, Pg. 209, last paragraph</ref> It has the three described buttons (two invisible), but they are assigned to different functions than Raskin specified for his own interface and can be customized.

In 2005,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.magpictures.com/stevejobsthelostinterview/ |title=Steve Jobs - The Lost Interview |access-date=November 20, 2012}}</ref> Macintosh project member [[Andy Hertzfeld]] remembered Raskin's reputation for often inaccurately claiming to have invented various technologies.  Raskin's resume from 2002 lends credence by stating he was "Creator of Macintosh computer at Apple Computer, Inc."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://humane.sourceforge.net/home/curriculum_vitae.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003011354/http://humane.sourceforge.net/home/curriculum_vitae.html |archive-date=October 3, 2003 |title=Jef Raskin - Curriculum Vitae |date=January 8, 2002 |access-date=November 20, 2012}}</ref> Raskin conceived and solely supervised the Macintosh project for approximately its first year;<ref name="Insanely Great"/>{{rp|111}} however, Hertzfeld describes Raskin's relationship to the drastically different finished Mac product more like that of an "eccentric great uncle" than its father.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?story=The_Father_of_The_Macintosh.txt|title=The Father Of The Macintosh|website=Folklore.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/The-312/October-2011/Steve-Jobs-Jef-Raskin-and-the-Humane-Interface/|title=Steve Jobs, Jef Raskin, and The Humane Interface|access-date=January 31, 2017|archive-date=October 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017151205/http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/The-312/October-2011/Steve-Jobs-Jef-Raskin-and-the-Humane-Interface/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In Jobs's "Lost Interview" from 1996, he refers to the Macintosh as a product of team effort while acknowledging Raskin's early role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/oct/25/steve-jobs-biography-walter-isaacson-review|title=Steve Jobs: The Exclusive Biography by Walter Isaacson – review|last=Leith|first=Sam|date=October 25, 2011|website=the Guardian|access-date=July 7, 2016}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=September 2021}} Jobs reportedly co-opted some of Raskin's leadership philosophies, such as when he wrote the slogan on the Macintosh group's easel, "It's better to be a pirate than to join the Navy."<ref name="Infinite Loop">{{cite book |author-link=Michael S. Malone |first=Michael S.|last=Malone|year=1999 |title=Infinite Loop |isbn=978-0-385-48684-2 |oclc=971131326 |url=https://archive.org/details/infiniteloophoww00malo |location=New York |publisher=Currency/Doubleday}}</ref>{{rp|page=271}}

Apple acknowledged Raskin's role after he had left the company by gifting him the millionth Macintosh computer, with an engraved brass plaque on the front.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Kahney |first1=Leander |title=More Antique Apples on the Block |url=https://www.wired.com/1999/06/more-antique-apples-on-the-block/ |magazine=Wired}}</ref>