Editing Industrial espionage (section)

===Origins===
[[File:Lettre du pere Entrecolles 1712 du Halde 1735.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|The work of a European priest, Father [[Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles]] to reveal to Europe the manufacturing methods of [[Chinese porcelain]] in 1712, is sometimes considered an early case of industrial espionage.{{sfn|Rowe|Brook|2009|p=84}}]]
Economic and industrial espionage has a long history. Father [[Francois Xavier d'Entrecolles]], who visited [[Jingdezhen]], [[China]] in 1712 and later used this visit to reveal the manufacturing methods of [[Chinese porcelain]] to Europe, is sometimes considered to have conducted an early case of industrial espionage.{{sfn|Rowe|Brook|2009|p=84}}

Historical accounts have been written of industrial espionage between [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[France]].{{sfn|Harris|1998|p=7}} Attributed to [[Great Britain|Britain's]] emergence as an "industrial creditor", the second decade of the [[18th century]] saw the emergence of a large-scale state-sponsored effort to surreptitiously take British [[industrial technology]] to France.{{sfn|Harris|1998|p=7}} [[Witness]]es confirmed both the [[Persuasion|inveigling]] of [[tradesperson]]s abroad and the placing of [[Apprenticeship|apprentices]] in England.{{sfn|Harris|1998|p=9}} Protests by those such as [[ironworker]]s in [[Sheffield]] and [[steel]]workers in [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]],{{Clarify|date=November 2011|reason=was it iron/steelworkers, or their employers, who were protesting?}} about skilled [[Proletariat|industrial workers]] being enticed abroad, led to the first [[England|English]] [[legislation]] aimed at preventing this method of economic and industrial espionage.{{sfn|Harris|1998|p=8}}{{sfn|Harris|1998|p=9}} This did not prevent [[Samuel Slater]] from bringing British textile technology to the [[United States]] in 1789. In order to catch up with technological advances of European powers, the US government in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries actively encouraged intellectual piracy.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ben-Atar|first1=Doron|title=Trade Secrets: Intellectual Piracy and the Origins of American Industrial Power|date=2004|publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300100068}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Spies Who Launched America's Industrial Revolution|url=https://www.history.com/news/industrial-revolution-spies-europe|website=www.history.com|date=10 January 2019 }}</ref>

American founding father and first [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury Secretary]] [[Alexander Hamilton]] advocated rewarding those bringing "improvements and secrets of extraordinary value"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Alexander|title=Report on manufactures. United States|date=1791}}</ref> into the United States. This was instrumental in making the United States a haven for industrial spies.