Editing Ice dance (section)

==Competition segments==
===History===
Before the [[2010–11 figure skating season|2010–2011 figure skating season]], there were three segments in ice dance competitions: the [[Compulsory Dance|compulsory dance]] (CD), the [[Original Dance|original dance]] (OD), and the [[Free dance (ice dance)|free dance]] (FD). In 2010, after many years of pressure from the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) to restructure competitive ice dance to follow the other figure skating disciplines, the ISU voted to change the competition format by eliminating the CD and the OD and adding the new short dance segment to the competition schedule.<ref name="sdfsc">{{cite web |title=Partnered Ice Dancing Events |url=http://iceskatingresources.org/PartneredIceDancingEvents.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801211242/http://iceskatingresources.org/PartneredIceDancingEvents.html |archive-date=1 August 2020 |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=Ice Skating Information & Resources |publisher=San Diego Figure Skating Communications}}</ref> According to the then-president of the ISU, [[Ottavio Cinquanta]], the changes were also made because "the compulsory dances were not very attractive for spectators and television".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kany |first1=Klaus-Reinhold |date=9 July 2011 |title=The Short Dance Debate |url=http://www.ifsmagazine.com/articles/568-the-short-dance-debate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722120955/http://www.ifsmagazine.com/articles/568-the-short-dance-debate |archive-date=22 July 2011 |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=International Figure Skating Magazine |issue=August 2011}}</ref> This new ice dance competition format was first included in the 2010–2011 season, incorporating just two segments: the short dance (renamed the [[rhythm dance]], or RD in 2018) and the free dance.<ref name="sdfsc" />

===Rhythm dance===
{{Main|Rhythm dance}}
[[File:Madison Chock & Evan Bates 2022 Skate America Free Dance 1.jpg|thumb|[[Madison Chock]] and [[Evan Bates]], 2022]]
The RD is the first segment performed in all junior and senior ice dance competitions.<ref>S&P/ID 2022, p. 10</ref> As of 2022, senior skaters no longer had to include a pattern dance; instead they were judged for performing a choreographic rhythm section, which was evaluated as a choreographic element.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=14 October 2022 |title=New Rules for New Development in Figure Skating |url=https://www.isu.org/figure-skating/news/news-fsk/14236-new-rules-for-new-development-in-figure-skating?highlight=WyJuZXciLCInbmV3IiwiJ25ldyciLCJydWxlcyIsIm5ldyBydWxlcyJd&templateParam=15 |access-date=18 July 2024 |publisher=International Skating Union |publication-place=Lausanne, Switzerland}}</ref> The RD must also include a short six-second [[Figure skating lifts|lift]], a set of [[twizzle]]s, and a [[step sequence]].<ref name="sdfsc"/><ref name="gif"/>

The rhythms and themes of the RD are determined by the ISU prior to the start of each new season.<ref name="sdfsc"/><ref name="gif">{{cite news |last1=Zuckerman |first1=Esther |date=14 February 2014 |title=A Quick GIF Guide to Ice Dance |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/02/quick-guide-ice-dance/358117/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111162042/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/02/quick-guide-ice-dance/358117/ |archive-date=11 January 2020 |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=The Atlantic Monthly}}</ref> The RD should be "developed through skating skill and quality", instead of through "non-skating actions such as sliding on one knee"<ref name="S&P/ID 2022-142">S&P/ID 2022, p. 142</ref> or through the use of toe steps (which should only be used to reflect the dance's character and the music's nuances and underlining rhythm).<ref name="S&P/ID 2021-139">S&P/ID 2022, p. 142</ref> The RD must have a duration of two&nbsp;minutes and fifty&nbsp;seconds.<ref name="ISU 2022-80">S&P/ID 2022, p.80</ref>

The first RD in international competitions was performed by U.S. junior ice dancers [[Anastasia Cannuscio]] and [[Colin McManus]], at the [[2010–11 ISU Junior Grand Prix|2010 Junior Grand Prix Courchevel]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Mickey |date=28 August 2010 |title=Team USA Scores Four Medals at JGP Opener |url=http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100828&content_id=14031876&vkey=ice_news |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702044937/http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100828&content_id=14031876&vkey=ice_news |archive-date=2 July 2017 |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=icenetwork.com}}</ref> American ice dancers [[Madison Chock]] and [[Evan Bates]] hold the highest RD score of 93.91, which they achieved at the [[2023 ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating|2023 World Team Trophy]].<ref name="isu-progress-D-RD">{{cite web |date=23 March 2024 |title=Progression of Highest Score: Ice Dance – Rhythm Dance Score |url=http://www.isuresults.com/isujsstat/phsdrd.htm |access-date=18 July 2024 |publisher=International Skating Union}}</ref>{{Efn|After the [[2018–2019 figure skating season|2018–2019 season]], due to the change in grade of execution scores from −3 to +3 to −5 to +5, all statistics started from zero and all previous scores were listed as "historical".<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics including Personal Best & Season's Best information |url=http://www.isu.org/statistics |access-date=June 11, 2023 |publisher=International Skating Union |archive-date=December 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214163617/https://www.isu.org/statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

===Free dance===
{{Main|Free dance (ice dance)}}
The free dance (FD) takes place after the [[rhythm dance]] in all junior and senior ice dance competitions.<ref>S&P/ID 2022, pp. 9–10</ref> The ISU defines the FD as "the skating by the couple of a creative dance program blending dance steps and movements expressing the character/rhythm(s) of the dance music chosen by the couple".<ref name="ISU2022-143">S&P/ID 2022, p. 143</ref> The FD must have combinations of new or known dance steps and movements, as well as required elements.<ref name="ISU2022-143" /> The program must "utilize the full ice surface,"<ref>S&P/ID 2022, p. 144</ref> and be well-balanced. It must contain required combinations of elements ([[Figure skating spins#Pair skating|spins]], [[Ice dance lifts|lifts]], [[Step sequence|steps]], and movements), and choreography that express both the characters of the competitors and the music chosen by them. It must also display the skaters' "excellent skating technique"<ref name="ISU2022-143" /> and creativity in expression, concept, and arrangement.<ref name="danceformat2">{{cite web |title=Dance Format 2011 |url=http://files.kkhavirov.cz/200000806-409b941952/Short%20Dance%20Format%20Explanation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022064145/http://files.kkhavirov.cz/200000806-409b941952/Short%20Dance%20Format%20Explanation.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2020 |access-date=18 July 2024 |publisher=Kraso Club of Havířov |location=Havířov, Czech Republic}}</ref> The FD's choreography must reflect the music's accents, nuances, and dance character, and the ice dancers must "skate primarily in time to the rhythmic beat of the music and not to the melody alone".<ref name="ISU2022-143" /> For senior ice dancers, the FD must have a duration of four minutes; for juniors, 3.5 minutes.<ref name="danceformat2" />

[[Madison Chock]] and [[Evan Bates]] hold the highest FD score of 138.41 points, which they achieved at the [[2023 ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating|2023 World Team Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web |date=23 March 2024 |title=Progression of Highest Score: Ice Dance – Free Dance Score |url=http://www.isuresults.com/isujsstat/phsdfd.htm |access-date=18 July 2023 |publisher=International Skating Union}}</ref>

===Discontinued segments===

====Compulsory dance====
{{main|Compulsory dance (ice dance)}}
[[File:2009 Cup of China ice-dance Faiella-Scali01.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.8|[[Federica Faiella]] and [[Massimo Scali]] perform their compulsory dance at the [[2009 Cup of China]].]]
Before 2010, the compulsory dance (CD) was the first segment performed in ice dance competitions. The teams performed the same pattern around two circuits of the rink, one team after another, using the same step sequences and the same standardized tempo chosen by the ISU before the beginning of each season.<ref name="skateamerica">{{cite news |date=24 October 2008 |title=Skate America: Tanith Belbin, Ben Agosto Second after Compulsory Dance |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/skate-america-tanith-belbin-ben-agosto-second-after-compulsory-dance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515233545/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/skate-america-tanith-belbin-ben-agosto-second-after-compulsory-dance/ |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dimanno |first1=Rosie |date=24 March 2010 |title=Virtue and Moir Happy to Say Ciao to Compulsory Dance |url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/skating/2010/03/24/virtue_and_moir_happy_to_say_ciao_to_compulsory_dance.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517050655/https://www.thestar.com/sports/skating/2010/03/24/virtue_and_moir_happy_to_say_ciao_to_compulsory_dance.html |archive-date=17 May 2021 |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=The Toronto Star}}</ref> The CD has been compared with [[compulsory figures]]; competitors were "judged for their mastery of fundamental elements".<ref name="skateamerica"/> Early in ice dance history, the CD contributed 60% of the total score.{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=12}}

The [[2010 World Figure Skating Championships|2010 World Championships]] was the last event to include a CD (the Golden Waltz); [[Federica Faiella]] and [[Massimo Scali]] from Italy were the last ice dance team to perform a CD in international competition.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 June 2010 |title=ISU Congress News |url=https://www.ice-dance.com/site/isu-congress-news4/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713200549/https://www.ice-dance.com/site/isu-congress-news4/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=Ice Dance.com}}</ref>

====Original dance====
{{main|Original dance}}
The OD or OSP (Original Set Pattern) was first added to ice dance competitions in 1967 (1983 in WC and 1984 in Olympics). It was called the "original set pattern dance"{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=91}} until 1990, when it became known simply as the "original dance". The OD remained the second competition segment (sandwiched between the CD and the free dance) until the end of the [[2009–10 figure skating season|2009–2010 season]].{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=12}} Ice dancers were able to create their own routines, but they had to use a set rhythm and type of music which, like the compulsory dances, changed every season and was selected by the ISU in advance. The timing and interpretation of the rhythm were considered to be the most important aspects of the routine, and were worth the highest proportion of the OD score. The routine had a two-minute time limit and the OD accounted for 30% of the overall competition score.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2009 |title=Skating: Ice dancing |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/winter_sports/4460270.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044348/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/winter_sports/4460270.stm |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=18 July 2024 |work=BBC.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Sports Rules Book|last1=Wehrli-McLaughlin|first1=Susi|date=2009|publisher=Human Kinetics|edition=3rd|isbn=978-0-7360-7632-6|editor1-last=Hanlon|editor1-first=Thomas W.|location=Champlaign, Illinois|page=108|chapter=Figure Skating}}</ref>

Canadian ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir hold the highest OD score of 70.27&nbsp;points, achieved at the 2010 World Championships.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2010 |title=Progression of Highest Score, Ice Dance, Original Dance Score |url=http://www.isuresults.com/isujsstat/phsdod.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928002248/http://www.isuresults.com/isujsstat/phsdod.htm |archive-date=28 September 2012 |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=isuresults.com |publisher=International Skating Union}}</ref>