Editing Hyperbaton (section)

====Prose====
In Latin hyperbaton is frequently found in both prose and verse. The following examples come from prose writers. Often, there is an implied contrast between the first word of the hyperbaton and its opposite:<ref>Pinkster, H. (1990), ''Latin Syntax and Semantics'', p. 186.</ref>
*''<u>meo</u> tu epistulam dedisti <u>servo</u>?'' ([[Plautus]], ''Pseudolus'' 1203) 
:"You gave the letter to <u>''my'' slave</u> (i.e. not your own)?"
*''<u>duas</u> a te accepi <u>epistulas</u> heri'' ([[Cicero]], ''Att.'', 14.2.1) 
:"I received <u>''two'' letters</u> (''duas epistulas'') from you yesterday" (not just one).
*''<u>hae</u> permanserunt <u>aquae</u> dies complures.'' ([[Julius Caesar|Caesar]], ''B.C.'' 1.50.1):
:"<u>This flood</u> (''hae aquae'') lasted (''permanserunt'') several days" (unlike the earlier one).
*''<u>ille</u> sic <u>dies</u>'' (Cicero, ''Att.'' 5.1.3) 
:"So (passed) <u>''that'' day</u> (''ille dies'')"

In all the above examples, the first word of the hyperbaton can be said to be emphasised. The following is different, since the emphasis seems to be on the word in the middle: 
*''<u>sum</u> enim ipse <u>mensus</u>'' (Cicero, ''ad Quintum fratrem'', 3.1.4)
:"for <u>I measured</u> ({{lang|la|sum mensus}}) it myself ({{lang|la|ipse}})"

In the following an adjective of size is brought to the front, emphasising the whole phrase:
*''pro <u>ingenti</u> itaque <u>victoria</u> id fuit plebi.'' (Livy 4.54.6)
:"The people saw this, therefore, as an <u>enormous victory</u>."<ref>Pinkster, H. (1990): [http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.19:10:3:2.NewPerseusMonographs ''Latin Syntax and Semantics''], p. 170.</ref>
*''<u>magnam</u> enim secum <u>pecuniam</u> portabat'' ([[Cornelius Nepos|Nepos]], ''Hannibal'', 9.2)
:"for (''enim'') he was carrying <u>a large sum of money</u> (''magnam pecuniam'') with him (''secum'')".
*''<u>magno</u> cum <u>fremitu</u> et clamore'' (Cicero, ''to Atticus'', 2.19.2)
:"with (''cum'') a great deal of roaring and shouting"

The first word of the hyperbaton can also be an adverb, as in the following example:<ref>A.M. Devine, L.D. Stephens (2006), ''Latin Word Order'', p. 582.</ref>
*''<u>aeque</u> vita <u>iucunda</u>'' (Cicero, ''de Finibus'' 4.30) 
:"a life (''vita'') <u>equally pleasant</u> (''aeque iucunda'').

It is also possible for the noun to come first ("postmodifier hyperbaton"), as in the following:<ref>Devine and Stephens (2006), p. 531–540.</ref>
*''<u>dies</u> appetebat <u>septimus</u>'' (Caesar, ''B.G.'' 6.35.1)
:"The seventh day was approaching"

*''Antonius <u>legiones</u> eduxit <u>duas</u>.'' (Cicero, ''ad Fam.'' 10.30.1)
:"Antonius led out <u>two legions</u>."

A hyperbaton can also be used to demonstrate a kind of picture shown in the text:
* {{lang|la|<u>hac</u> in utramque partem <u>disputatione</u> habita}} (Caesar, ''Bel. Gall.'' 5.30)
:"With <u>this dispute</u> having been held favouring either side" (showing the dispute being on either side of the accusative prepositional phrase)

Another kind of hyperbaton is "genitive hyperbaton" in which one of the words is in the [[genitive case]]:<ref>Devine and Stephens (2006), pp. 525–31.</ref>
*''<u>contionem</u> advocat <u>militum</u>'' (Caesar, ''Bellum Civile'' 2.32)
:"He called <u>a meeting of the soldiers</u>."

The following even have a double hyperbaton:
*''cum '''ipse''' <u>litteram</u> '''Socrates''' <u>nullam</u> reliquisset.'' (Cicero, ''de Orat.'' 3.60)
:"When <u>Socrates himself</u> didn't leave <u>a single line of writing</u>."

* {{lang|la|<u>unam</u> '''esse''' in celeritate '''positam''' <u>salutem</u>}} (Caesar, ''Bell. Gall.'' 5.29.7)
:"their <u>one (hope of) salvation</u> rested in speed ({{lang|la|celeritate}})" (with emphasis on ''one'' and ''speed'')

*''<u>praeda</u> '''potitus''' <u>ingenti</u> '''est''''' (Livy 40.49.1)
:"he took possession of <u>an enormous amount of booty</u>".

In the following, a genitive hyperbaton and an adjectival hyperbaton are interleaved:
*''<u>magnus</u> '''omnium''' incessit <u>timor</u> '''animis''''' (Caesar ''Bellum Civile'' 2.29)
:"Great fear (''magnus timor'') overcame the minds of all of them (''omnium animis'')."

Another kind of hyperbaton (called "conjunct hyperbaton" by Devine and Stephens)<ref>Devine and Stephens (2006), p. 586.</ref> is found when a phrase consisting of two words joined by ''et'' ("and") is separated by another word:
*''Aspendus, <u>vetus</u> oppidum <u>et nobile</u>'' (Cicero, ''Verr.'' 2.1.53) 
:"Aspendus, an <u>old</u> town, <u>and a noble</u> one".

*''<u>Faesulas</u> inter <u>Arretiumque</u>'' (Livy, 22.3.3)
:"Between <u>Faesulae and Arretium</u>".