Editing Hydroxy group (section)

===Surface of the Moon===
In 2009, India's [[Chandrayaan-1]] satellite and the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)]] [[Cassini spacecraft]] and [[Deep Impact probe]] each detected evidence of water by evidence of hydroxyl fragments on the [[Moon]]. As reported by Richard Kerr, "A [[spectrometer]] [the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, also known as "M3"] detected an infrared absorption at a wavelength of 3.0&nbsp;micrometers that only water or hydroxyl—a hydrogen and an oxygen bound together—could have created."<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Kerr RA |url= https://www.science.org/content/article/whiff-water-found-moon |title=A Whiff of Water Found on the Moon |publisher=Science |date=24 September 2009 |access-date=2016-06-01 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231208174247/https://www.science.org/content/article/whiff-water-found-moon |archive-date=Dec 8, 2023 }}</ref> [[NASA]] also reported in 2009 that the [[LCROSS]] probe revealed an [[ultraviolet]] emission spectrum consistent with hydroxyl presence.<ref name=nasa>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LCROSS/main/prelim_water_results.html |title=LCROSS Impact Data Indicates Water on Moon | vauthors = Dino J |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=2009-11-14 |publisher=[[NASA]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115071128/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LCROSS/main/prelim_water_results.html |archive-date=2009-11-15 }}</ref>

On 26 October 2020, [[NASA]] reported definitive evidence of water on the sunlit surface of the Moon, in the vicinity of the crater [[Clavius|Clavius (crater)]], obtained by the [[Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy | Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Honniball CI, Lucey PG, Li S, Shenoy S, Orlando TM, Hibbitts CA, Hurley DM, Farrell WM |title=Molecular water detected on the sunlit Moon by SOFIA|journal=Nature Astronomy |year= 2020 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=121–127 |doi=10.1038/s41550-020-01222-x |bibcode=2021NatAs...5..121H |s2cid=228954129}}</ref> The SOFIA Faint Object infrared Camera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) detected emission bands at a wavelength of 6.1&nbsp;micrometers that are present in water but not in hydroxyl. The abundance of water on the Moon's surface was inferred to be equivalent to the contents of a 12-ounce bottle of water per cubic meter of lunar soil.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-sofia-discovers-water-on-sunlit-surface-of-moon/ |title=NASA's SOFIA Discovers Water on Sunlit Surface of Moon | vauthors = Chou F, Hawkes A |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-26 |publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref>

The [[Chang'e 5]] probe, which landed on the Moon on 1 December 2020, carried a mineralogical spectrometer that could measure infrared reflectance spectra of lunar rock and regolith. The reflectance spectrum of a rock sample at a wavelength of 2.85&nbsp;micrometers indicated localized water/hydroxyl concentrations as high as 180 parts per million.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin H, Li S, Xu R, Liu Y, Wu X, Yang W, Wei Y, Lin Y, He Z, Hui H, He K, Hu S, Zhang C, Li C, Lv G, Yuan L, Zou Y, Wang C |title=In situ detection of water on the Moon by the Chang'E-5 lander|journal=Science Advances |year= 2022 |volume=8 |issue=1|pages=eabl9174 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abl9174|pmid=34995111|pmc=8741181|bibcode=2022SciA....8.9174L}}</ref>