Editing Hybrid vehicle (section)

====Road transport, commercial vehicles====
[[File:Cadillac Escalade Hybrid -- 04-26-2011.jpg|thumb|[[Cadillac Escalade]] hybrid version]]
Hybrid systems are regularly in use for trucks, buses and other heavy highway vehicles. Small fleet sizes and installation costs are compensated by fuel savings,<ref>Brown, Matthew. But Daniel thinks "Energy debate heats up: the high gas prices of last summer fueled the energy debate that continues today." State Legislatures 32.2 (February 2006): 12(5). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Bentley Upper School Library (BAISL). 14 October 2009 [http://find.galegroup.com/gtx/start.do?prodId=EAIM Galegroup.co]</ref>{{Update after|2010|9|13}} with advances such as higher capacity, lowered battery cost, etc. Toyota, Ford, GM and others are introducing hybrid pickups and SUVs. Kenworth Truck Company recently introduced the Kenworth T270 Class 6 that for city usage seems to be competitive.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/03/hybrid_truck_un.php | title = Hybrid Truck Unveiled by Kenworth | first = Justin | last = Thomas | date=2007-03-27 | publisher = TreeHugger}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Kenworth Unveils T270 Class 6 Hybrid Truck Targeted at Municipal, Utility Applications |url= http://www.kenworth.com/6100_pre_mor.asp?file=2105 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090301095003/http://www.kenworth.com/6100_pre_mor.asp?file=2105 |archive-date=2009-03-01 |date=2007-03-21 |publisher=Kenworth Truck Company |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[FedEx]] and others are investing in hybrid delivery vehicles—particularly for city use where hybrid technology may pay off first.<ref>{{citation|url=http://affordabledenvermovers.com/hard-sell-hybrid-trucks/ |title=Hard sell for hybrid trucks |first=Christian |last=Hetzner |date=2007-11-12 |publisher=Reuters |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903070623/http://affordabledenvermovers.com/hard-sell-hybrid-trucks/ |archive-date=2014-09-03 }}</ref> {{As of|December 2013}} FedEx is trialling two delivery trucks with Wrightspeed electric motors and diesel generators; the retrofit kits are claimed to pay for themselves in a few years. The diesel engines run at a constant [[revolutions per minute|RPM]] for peak efficiency.<ref name="Wired-09.30.14">{{cite magazine|last=Golson |first=Jordan |title=FedEx's New Electric Trucks Get a Boost From Diesel Turbines |magazine=Wired |date=2014-09-30 |url= https://www.wired.com/2014/09/fedex-wrightspeed-diesel-ev-trucks/ |access-date=2014-10-01}}</ref>

In 1978 students at Minneapolis, Minnesota's Hennepin Vocational Technical Center, converted a [[VW Beetle|Volkswagen Beetle]] to a petro-hydraulic hybrid with off-the shelf components. A car rated at 32&nbsp;mpg was returning 75&nbsp;mpg with the 60&nbsp;hp engine replaced by a 16&nbsp;hp engine, and reached 70&nbsp;mph.<ref name="Mother Earth News">{{cite web|url= http://www.motherearthnews.com/Green-Transportation/1978-03-01/This-Car-Travels-75-Miles-on-a-Single-Gallon-of-Gasoline.aspx |title=Try a Hydraulic Drive Train: This Car of the Future Gets 75 MPG |publisher=Mother Earth News |date=March–April 1978 |access-date=2013-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121025114832/http://www.motherearthnews.com/Green-Transportation/1978-03-01/This-Car-Travels-75-Miles-on-a-Single-Gallon-of-Gasoline.aspx |archive-date=2012-10-25 }}</ref>

In the 1990s, engineers at EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory developed a petro-hydraulic powertrain for a typical American sedan car. The test car achieved over 80&nbsp;mpg on combined EPA city/highway driving cycles. Acceleration was 0-60&nbsp;mph in 8 seconds, using a 1.9-liter diesel engine. No lightweight materials were used. The EPA estimated that produced in high volumes the hydraulic components would add only $700 to the cost.<ref name="demo-veh"/> Under EPA testing, a hydraulic hybrid [[Ford Expedition]] returned 32&nbsp;mpg (7.4&nbsp;L/100&nbsp;km) City, and 22 mpg (11&nbsp;L/100&nbsp;km) highway.<ref name="demo-veh">{{cite web|url= http://epa.gov/otaq/technology/research/demonstration-vehicles.htm#suv|title=Demonstration Vehicles |website=Epa.gov |date=2012-10-18 |access-date=2013-04-22}}</ref><ref name="Capturing the power of hydraulics">[http://www.autobloggreen.com/2006/06/15/capturing-the-power-of-hydraulics Capturing the power of hydraulics]. AutoblogGreen. Retrieved on 2012-04-18.</ref> [[United Parcel Service|UPS]] currently has two trucks in service using this technology.<ref name="autoblog.com">[http://www.autoblog.com/2006/06/26/epa-unveils-hydraulic-hybrid-ups-delivery-truck/ EPA unveils hydraulic hybrid UPS delivery truck]. Autoblog. Retrieved on 2012-04-18.</ref>