Editing Humvee (section)

==Design features==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:USAFHMMWV.jpg|thumb|left|A [[the United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] airman in [[Southwest Asia]] stands in the ring mount of a FRAG-6–reinforced HMMWV, 2010]]

The Humvee seats four people with an available fully enclosed aluminum cabin with a vertical windshield. It has all-wheel drive with an [[independent suspension]] and helical gear-reduction hubs similar to [[portal axle]]s which attach towards the top rather than the center of each wheel to allow the [[drivetrain]] shafts to be raised for {{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on}} ground clearance. The body is mounted on a narrow steel frame with boxed rails and five cross members for rigidity. The rails act as sliders to protect the drivetrain which is nestled between and above the rails.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dieselpowermag.com/features/trucks/0610dp_2006_hummer_h1/photo_05.html|title=2006 Hummer H1 Duramax Diesel Engine – Diesel Power Magazine|date=20 October 2006|work=Truck Trend|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112190828/http://www.dieselpowermag.com/features/trucks/0610dp_2006_hummer_h1/photo_05.html|archive-date=12 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Raising the drivetrain into the cabin area and lowering the seats into the frame creates a chest-high transmission hump which separates passengers on each side and lowers the overall center of gravity compared to most trucks where the body and passengers are above the frame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z7754/Hummer-H1.aspx|title=2004 Hummer H1 - Conceptcarz|work=conceptcarz.com|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530110333/http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z7754/Hummer-H1.aspx|archive-date=30 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Humvee uses [[V8 engine|V8]] powertrains from [[General Motors]]. Early iterations were issued with the 6.2-liter ''[[Detroit Diesel V8 engine#6.2L|Detroit Diesel]]'' V8.<ref name="history"/> Later iterations were fitted with the larger and improved 6.5-liter ''[[Detroit Diesel V8 engine#6.5L|Detroit Diesel]]'' V8. Power output for the naturally-aspirated version of this engine is {{cvt|160–170|HP|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{cvt|290|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque, while the turbocharged version produces {{cvt|190–205|HP|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{cvt|385–440|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/0808dp-am-general-humvee/|title=The AM General Humvee - Military Power|website=Motor Trend|date=August 1, 2008|access-date=August 1, 2008}}</ref>

The vehicle has [[double wishbone suspension]] with [[Portal axle|portal gear hubs]] on all 4 wheels and inboard [[disc brake]]s. The brake discs are not mounted at the wheels, as on conventional cars, but are inboard of the half-shafts, attached outboard of the differentials. The front and rear differentials are [[Torsen]] type, and the center differential is of the [[Locking differential|lockable]] type. Torque-biasing differentials allows forward movement as long as at least one wheel has traction. It runs on specialized 37 × 12.5 radial tires with low-profile [[Runflat tire|runflat]] devices. Newer HMMWV versions can be equipped with a [[central tire inflation system]] (CTIS) kit in the field. While it is optimized for off-road mobility, it can achieve {{convert|55|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at maximum weight with a top speed of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/features.php|title=Features & Design – HMMWV (Humvee)|publisher=AM General LLC – Mobility solutions for the 21st Century|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905050431/http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/features.php|archive-date=5 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Luiz, Gerald. [https://www.off-road.com/trucks-4x4/tech/military-hmmwv-18701.html "Military HMMWV"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623222054/https://www.off-road.com/trucks-4x4/tech/military-hmmwv-18701.html |date=23 June 2018}}. Off-road.com, 1 April 2002.</ref>

[[File: US Navy 111114-N-KA046-134 A Humvee launches from a landing craft utility (LCU) assigned to the amphibious dock landing ship USS Whidbey Island (LS.jpg|thumb|Humvee fording]]
HMMWVs are well suited for airmobile operations as they are transportable by [[C-130]] or larger combat transports, droppable by parachute, and can be sling-loaded from helicopters, though there are smaller vehicles such as the [[Growler (jeep)|Growler]] which were designed to fit into smaller craft such as the [[V-22]]. In combat conditions, the HMMWV can be delivered by the [[Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System]] which pulls the vehicle out of the open rear ramp just above the ground without the aircraft having to land.

There are at least 17 variants of the HMMWV in service with the U.S. military. HMMWVs serve as cargo/troop carriers, automatic weapons platforms, [[ambulance]]s (four litter patients or eight ambulatory patients), M220 [[BGM-71 TOW|TOW missile]] carriers, [[M119 howitzer]] prime movers, [[AN/TWQ-1 Avenger|M1097 Avenger]] Pedestal Mounted Stinger platforms, MRQ-12 direct [[air support]] vehicles, S250 shelter carriers, and other roles. The HMMWV is capable of [[Wiktionary:ford|fording]] 2.5&nbsp;ft (76&nbsp;cm) normally, or 5&nbsp;ft (1.5&nbsp;m) with the deep-water fording kits installed.

[[File:Hmmwv-036.jpg|thumb|left|A U.S. Army HMMWV firing a [[BGM-71 TOW]] missile]]
Optional equipment includes a winch (maximum load capacity {{convert|6000|lbs|kg|abbr=on}} and supplemental armor. The M1025/M1026 and M1043/M1044 armament carriers provide mounting and firing capabilities for the [[M134 Minigun]], the [[Mk 19 grenade launcher]], the [[M2 Browning|M2 heavy machine gun]], the [[GAU-19|GAU-19A/B]] gatling gun, the [[M240 machine gun|M240G/B]] machine gun and [[M249 light machine gun|M249 SAW]].

The M1114 "up-armored" HMMWV, introduced in 1996, also features a similar weapons mount.<ref name="M1114">{{cite web |url=http://tech.military.com/equipment/view/141997/m1114-enhanced-capability-hmmwv.html |title=M1114 Enhanced Capability HMMWV |publisher=Tech.military.com |access-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703214630/http://tech.military.com/equipment/view/141997/m1114-enhanced-capability-hmmwv.html |archive-date=3 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, some M1114 and M1116 up-armored and M1117 armored security vehicle models feature a [[Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station]] (CROWS), which allows the gunner to operate from inside the vehicle, and/or the [[Boomerang (mobile shooter detection system)|Boomerang]] anti-[[sniper]] detection system. Recent improvements have also led to the development of the M1151 model, which quickly rendered the previous models obsolete. By replacing the M1114, M1116, and earlier armored HMMWV types with a single model, the U.S. Army hopes to lower maintenance costs.

The latest iteration of the Humvee series can be seen in the M1151A1 and later up-armored A1-versions. It has a stronger suspension and larger 6.5 liter turbo-diesel engine to accommodate the weight of up to {{convert|680|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of additional armor.  The armor protection can be installed or taken off depending on the operating environment, so the vehicles can move more efficiently without armor when there is no threat of attack.  There is some underbody armor that moderately protects against mines and roadside bombs.  Other improvements include Vehicle Emergency Escape (VEE) windows that can be quickly removed so troops inside can escape in the event of a rollover, jammed door, or the vehicle catching fire, and a blast chimney that vents the force of a bomb blast upwards and away from the occupants.  The M1151A1 has a crew of four, can carry {{convert|2,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of payload, and can tow a {{convert|4,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} load.  On roads, it has a top speed of {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and a range of {{convert|480|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20140530.aspx The HMMWV Built For Hard Time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020182152/http://strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20140530.aspx |date=20 October 2014}} – Strategypage.com, 30 May 2014</ref>