Editing Hudson County, New Jersey (section)

===The Lenape and New Netherland===
[[Image:Hudson Valley Map Detail Nova Belgica Et Anglia Nova c1634.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|A map of today's northern New Jersey and southern New York state, c. 1634 (with north oriented to the right, and [[Long Island]] at center left). Hudson County is called Oesters Eylandt, or Oyster Island.]]
{{New Netherland}}
{{main|Bergen, New Netherland}}

At the time of European contact in the 17th century, Hudson County was the territory of the [[Lenape]] (or [[Lenni-Lenape]]), namely the bands (or family groups) known as the [[Hackensack Indians|Hackensack]], the [[Tappan (Native Americans)|Tappan]], the [[Raritan (Native Americans)|Raritan]], and the [[Manhattan]]. They were a seasonally migrational people who practiced small-scale agriculture ([[companion planting]]) augmented by [[hunter-gatherer|hunting and gathering]] which likely, given the topography of the area, included much (shell) fishing and trapping. These groups had early and frequent trading contact with Europeans. Their [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language]] can still be inferred in many local place names such as [[Communipaw]], [[Harsimus]], [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]], [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]], [[Secaucus, New Jersey|Secaucus]], and [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Pamrapo]].

[[Henry Hudson]], for whom the county and river on which it sits are named, established a claim for the area in 1609 when anchoring his ship the ''[[Halve Maen]]'' (''Half Moon'') at [[Harsimus Cove]] and [[Weehawken Cove]].<ref>[http://www.hudsonreporter.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=15203651&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=551343&rfi=6 Hoboken's earliest days: Before becoming a city, 'Hobuck' went through several incarnations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927221018/http://www.hudsonreporter.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=15203651&BRD=1291&PAG=461&dept_id=551343&rfi=6 |date=September 27, 2007 }}, ''[[The Hudson Reporter]]'', January 16, 2005. "On October 2, 1609, Henry Hudson anchored his ship, the Half Moon, in what is now Weehawken Cove. Robert Juet, Hudson's first mate, wrote in the ship's log, "[W]e saw a good piece of ground ... that looked of the color of white green." The rock of which Juet wrote makes up Castle Point in Hoboken; nowhere else along the Hudson River exists a white-green rock formation."</ref>
The west bank of the [[North River (Hudson River)|North River]] (as it was called) and the cliffs, hills, and marshlands abutting and beyond it, were settled by Europeans (Dutch, Flemish, Walloon, Huguenot) from the [[Low Countries|Lowlands]] around the same time as [[New Amsterdam]]. In 1630, [[Michiel Reyniersz Pauw|Michiel Pauw]] received a land patent, or [[patroon]]ship and purchased the land between the Hudson and Hackensack Rivers, giving it the Latinized form of his name, [[Pavonia, New Netherland|Pavonia]].<ref name="HCD">[http://www.hudsoncountynj.org/downloads/PDF/HudsonCounty%20Directory.pdf Hudson County Directory 2004–2005] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050724232933/http://www.hudsoncountynj.org/downloads/PDF/HudsonCounty%20Directory.pdf |date=July 24, 2005 }}</ref> He failed to settle the area and was forced to return his holdings to the [[Dutch West India Company]]. Homesteads were established at [[Communipaw]] (1633), [[Harsimus]] (1634), [[Paulus Hook, Jersey City|Paulus Hook]] (1638), and Hoebuck (1643). Relations were tenuous with the Lenape, and eventually led to [[Kieft's War]], which began as a slaughter by the Dutch at [[Communipaw]] and is considered to be one of the first genocides of Native Americans by Europeans. A series of raids and reprisals across the province lasted two years and ended in an uneasy truce. Other homesteads were established at [[Constable Hook, New Jersey|Constable Hook]] (1646), [[Weehawken|Awiehaken]] (1647), and other lands at [[Achter Col, New Netherland|Achter Col]] on [[Bergen Neck]]. In 1658, [[Director-General of New Netherland|Director-General]] [[Peter Stuyvesant]] of [[New Netherland]] negotiated a deal with the Lenape to re-purchase the area named [[Bergen, New Netherland|Bergen]], "by the great rock above Wiehacken," including the whole peninsula from [[Secaucus|Sikakes]] south to [[Bergen Point]]/[[Constable Hook]].<ref>Winfield, Charles H. [https://books.google.com/books?id=owpYaTSYmDMC&pg=PA62 ''History of the County of Hudson, New Jersey, from Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time''], p. 62, Kennard & Hay Stationery Mfg. and Printing Co., 1874. Accessed September 30, 2013.</ref> In 1661, a charter was granted the new village/garrison at the site of present-day [[Bergen Square]], establishing what is considered to be the oldest self-governing [[municipality]] in New Jersey. The British gained control of the area in 1664, and the Dutch finally ceded formal control of the province to the English in 1674.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}