Editing Huế (provincial city) (section)

== Culture ==

=== Name-giving ===
{{See also|Minh Mạng#Imperial succession poem}}

Historically, the qualities valued by the royal family were reflected in its name-giving customs, which came to be adopted by society at large.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} As a rule, royal family members were named after a poem written by Minh Mạng, the second emperor of the [[Nguyễn dynasty]]. The poem, "Đế hệ thi",<ref>[[:vi:Minh Mạng]]{{Third-party inline|date=May 2011}}</ref> has been set as a standard frame to name every generation of the royal family, through which people can know the family order as well as the relationship between royal members. More importantly, the names reflect the essential personality traits that the royal regime would like their offspring to uphold. This name-giving tradition is proudly kept alive and nowadays people from Huế's royal family branches (normally considered 'pure' Huế) still have their names taken from the words in the poem.{{citation needed|date=May 2011}}

=== Clothing ===
[[File:Festival Huế 2008-3.JPG|thumb|Festival in Huế]]
The design of the modern-day ''[[áo dài]]'', a Vietnamese [[national costume]], developed from the costumes worn by civilians in [[Đàng Trong]] in the 18th century after the costume reform of lord [[Nguyễn Phúc Khoát]]. A court historian of the time described the rules of dress as follows:

{{Blockquote|Thường phục thì đàn ông, đàn bà dùng áo cổ đứng ngắn tay, cửa ống tay rộng hoặc hẹp tùy tiện. Áo thì hai bên nách trở xuống phải khâu kín liền, không được xẻ mở. Duy đàn ông không muốn mặc áo cổ tròn ống tay hẹp cho tiện khi làm việc thì được phép.<br /><br />Outside court, men and women wear gowns with straight collars and short sleeves. The sleeves are large or small depending on the weather. There are seams on both sides running down from the sleeve, so the gown is not open anywhere. Men may wear a round collar and a short sleeve for more convenience.|''[[Đại Nam thực lục]]''<ref group=nb>''[[Đại Nam thực lục]]''</ref>}}

This outfit evolved into the ''[[áo ngũ thân]]'', a type of five-part costume popular in Vietnam in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Inspired by Paris fashions, Nguyễn Cát Tường and other artists associated with [[Hanoi University]] redesigned the ''[[ngũ thân]]'' to create the modern ''áo dài'' in the 1920s and 1930s.<ref name="Ellis">{{citation | last = Ellis | first = Claire | title = Ao Dai: The National Costume | newspaper = Things Asian | year = 1996 | url = http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/1083 | access-date = 2 July 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080705105011/http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/1083 | archive-date = 5 July 2008}}</ref> While the ''áo dài'' and ''[[nón lá]]'' are generally seen as a symbol of Vietnam as a whole, the combination is seen by Vietnamese as being particularly evocative of Hue. Violet-coloured ''áo dài'' are especially common in Huế, the color having a special connection to the city's heritage as a former capital.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bửu|first=Ý|title=Xứ Huế Người Huế|url=http://tuoitre.vn/Van-hoa-Giai-tri/38127/Xu-Hue-nguoi-Hue.html|access-date=29 April 2011|newspaper=Tuổi Trẻ|date=19 June 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/news/2004/06/162188/ |title=Ao dai – Hue's piquancy |access-date=1 June 2011 |date=18 June 2004 |newspaper=VietnamNet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204025846/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/news/2004/06/162188/ |archive-date=4 February 2011}}</ref>
<!-- One typical example of the spread of royal character has to do with the charming traditional dress of Vietnamese women – the ao dai. It is said that back in the 1970s, ao dai, which, previously, used to be worn daily by the royal family members and yet only on special occasions by ordinary people, became an everyday outfit of almost all Hue women, from office workers and school girls to sellers in markets, even street vendors.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bửu|first=Ý|title=Xứ Huế Người Huế|url=http://tuoitre.vn/Van-hoa-Giai-tri/38127/Xu-Hue-nguoi-Hue.html|access-date=29 April 2011|newspaper=Tuoi Tre|date=19 June 2004}}</ref> Given the subtlety and delicacy of the ao dai, the people who wear it frequently have been seen to invariably develop the same characteristics. This is also one of the reasons why until now, the image of an innocent-looking Hue girl in her charming ao dai has become a unanimous human symbol of Hue. -->

=== Cuisine ===
[[File:Bun Bo Hue 1.jpg|thumb|[[Bún bò Huế]], a typical noodle dish]]

The cuisine of Huế forms the heart of Central Vietnamese cuisine, but one of the most striking differences is the prominence of vegetarianism in the city. Several all-vegetarian restaurants are scattered in various corners of the city to serve the locals who have a strong tradition of eating a vegetarian meal twice a month, as part of their Buddhist beliefs. [[Nam Châu Hội Quán]] is a traditional dining hall. Hue dishes are known for their relatively small serving size with refined presentation, a vestige of its royal cuisine. Hue cuisine is notable for often being very spicy.<ref>Ngoc, Huu; Borton, Lady (2006). ''Am Thuc Xu Hue: Hue Cuisine''. Vietnam.</ref>

Hue cuisine has both luxurious and popular rustic dishes. It consists of several distinctive dishes from small and delicate creations, originally made to please the appetites of Nguyen feudal lords, emperors, and their hundreds of concubines and wives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asiamarvels.com/hue-panoramic-view-ancient-capital-vietnam/#tab-con-10|title=Hue – A Panoramic View of the Ancient Capital – Asia Travel Blog|date=30 November 2017|access-date=8 August 2018}}</ref>

Besides [[Bún bò Huế]], other famous dishes include:

* [[Bánh bèo]] is a Vietnamese dish that originally comes from Hue city. It is made from a combination of rice flour and tapioca flour. The ingredients include rice cakes, marinated-dried shrimps and crispy pork skin, scallion oil and dipping source. It can be considered as street food, and can eat as lunch or dinner.
* [[Cơm hến]] (baby basket clams rice) is a Vietnamese dish originating in Huế. It is made with baby mussels or basket clams and rice; it is normally served at room temperature.
* [[Bánh ướt thịt nướng]] (steamed rice pancake with grilled pork) is the most well-known dish of people of Kim Long- Huế. The ingredients include steamed rice pancake, vegetables – Vietnamese mint herb, basil leaves, lettuce, cucumber and cinnamon leaves, pork and is served with dipping sauce.
* [[Bánh khoái]] (Hue shrimp and vegetable pancake) is the modified form of [[Bánh xèo]]. It is deep fried and served with Hue peanut dipping sauce containing pork liver. Its ingredients include egg, liver, prawns and pork belly or pork sausage, and carrot. It is served with lettuce, fresh mint, Vietnamese mint, star fruit, and perilla leaves.
* [[Bánh bột lọc]] (Vietnamese clear shrimp and pork dumplings) can be wrapped with or without banana leaf. It is believed to originate from Huế, [[Vietnam]] during the [[Nguyễn dynasty]]. Main ingredients include tapioca flour, shrimps and pork belly; it is often served with [[sweet chili fish sauce]].
* Banh it ram (fried sticky rice dumpling) is a specialty in Central Vietnam. It is the combination of fried sticky rice dumplings which is sticky, soft and chewy, and crispy stick rice cake at the bottom.

Additionally, Hue is also famous for its delicious sweet desserts such as Lotus seeds sweet soups, Lotus seed wrapped in logan sweet soup, Areca flower sweet soup, Grilled pork wrapped in cassava flour sweet soup, and Green sticky rice sweet soup.

=== Religion ===
[[File:Chùa Thiên Mụ ở Huế.jpg|thumb|[[Pagoda of the Celestial Lady]]]]

The imperial court practiced various religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. The most important altar was the [[Esplanade of Sacrifice to the Heaven and Earth]], where the monarch would offer each year prayers to the Heaven and Earth.

In Huế, Buddhism enjoyed stronger support than elsewhere in Vietnam, with more monasteries than anywhere else in the country serving as home to the nation's most famous monks.

In 1963, [[Thích Quảng Đức]] drove from Huế to [[Saigon]] to protest anti-Buddhist policies of the South Vietnamese government, setting himself on fire on a Saigon street. Photos of the self-immolation became some of the enduring images of the Vietnam War.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gonomad.com/1718-hue-vietnam-try-the-food |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703140806/http://www.gonomad.com/1718-hue-vietnam-try-the-food |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-07-03 |title=Hue, Vietnam: Try The Food |author=rpcpost |work=GoNOMAD Travel|date=November 2007 }}</ref>

[[Thích Nhất Hạnh]], a world-famous [[Zen]] master who originated from Hue and lived for years in exile including France and the United States, returned to his home town in October 2018 and resided there at the Tu Hieu pagoda until his death in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-11-02|title=Thich Nhat Hanh Returns Home|url=https://plumvillage.org/about/thich-nhat-hanh/thich-nhat-hanhs-health/thich-nhat-hanh-returns-to-vietnam/|access-date=2020-06-27|website=Plum Village}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{Main|Tourism in Vietnam}}
<!-- [[File:Bia Chien si tran vong.jpg|thumb|right|Prince Tuy ly Man Trinh Palace in Vi Da Park]] -->
<!-- [[File:Dien Thai Hoa.jpg|thumb|right|Supreme Harmony Palace and Great Enclosure]] -->
<!-- [[File:Cột cờ Ngọ Môn.jpg|thumb|The citadel in Huế with flag tower]] -->
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS         = Complex of Huế Monuments
| Criteria    = Cultural: iv
| ID          = 678
| Year        = 1993
| Area        = 315.47 ha
| Buffer_zone = 71.93 ha
}}Huế is well known for its historic monuments, which have earned it a place in [[UNESCO]]'s [[World Heritage Site]]s.<ref>[http://tuoitrenews.vn/lifestyle/21120/vietnams-eight-world-heritage-sites Vietnam's eight World Heritage Sites]. ''[[Tuổi Trẻ]] News''. 22 July 2014.</ref> The seat of the Nguyễn emperors was the [[Imperial City of Hue|Imperial City]], which occupies a large, walled area on the north side of the [[Perfume River]]. Inside the citadel was a forbidden city where only the emperors, concubines, and those close enough to them were granted access; the punishment for trespassing was death. Today, little of the forbidden city remains, though reconstruction efforts are in progress to maintain it as a historic tourist attraction.[[File:Forbidden Purple City, Hue - panoramio - Colin W.jpg|thumb|Forbidden Purple City of Hue, once the emperor's home.|left]]Roughly along the Perfume River from Huế lie myriad other monuments, including the tombs of several emperors, including [[Minh Mạng]], [[Khải Định]], and [[Tự Đức]]. Also notable is the [[Thiên Mụ Temple]], the largest pagoda in Huế and the official symbol of the city.<ref>Pham, Sherrise; Emmons, Ron; Eveland, Jennifer; Lin-Liu, Jen (2009). ''Frommer's South-east Asia.'' Frommer's. p. 318. {{ISBN|978-0-470-44721-5}}.</ref>

A number of French-style buildings lie along the south bank of the [[Perfume River]]. Among them are [[Quoc Hoc High School|Hue High School for the Gifted]], the oldest high school in Vietnam, and Hai Ba Trung High School.
[[File:Imperial City Hue 20190917-3.jpg|thumb|[[Imperial City of Huế]], containing palaces and shrines]]
The [[Huế Museum of Royal Fine Arts]] on 3 Le Truc Street also maintains a collection of various artifacts from the city. In addition to the various touristic attractions in Hue itself, the city also offers day-trips to the [[Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone|Demilitarized Zone]] lying approximately {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} north, showing various war settings like [[The Rockpile]], [[Khe Sanh Combat Base]] or the [[Vịnh Mốc tunnels]]. Most of the hotels, bars, and restaurants for tourists in Hue are located in Pham Ngu Lao, Chu Van An and Vo Thi Sau street, which together form the backpacker district.

In the first 11 months of 2012, Hue received 2.4 million visitors, an increase of 24.6% from the same period of 2011. 803,000 of those 2.4 million visitors were foreign guests, an increase of 25.7%. Although tourism plays a key role in the city's socioeconomic development, it also has negative impacts on the environment and natural resource base.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hue; Information & Statistics|url=http://travel-tourist-information-guide.com/vietnam-hue|website=Travel-Tourist-Information-Guide.com|access-date=2016-10-08|archive-date=22 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022055519/http://travel-tourist-information-guide.com/vietnam-hue|url-status=dead}}</ref> For example, services associated with tourism, such as travel, the development of infrastructure and its operation, and the production and consumption of goods, are all energy-intensive.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2014/05/report-advancing-green-growth-in-the-tourism-sector%E2%80%A8-the-case-of-hue-vietnam/ Advancing ][[green growth]] in the tourism sector: The case of Hue, Vietnam {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714165655/http://cdkn.org/2014/05/report-advancing-green-growth-in-the-tourism-sector%E2%80%A8-the-case-of-hue-vietnam/ |date=14 July 2014 }}, Kyoko Kusakabe, Pujan Shrestha, S. Kumar and Khanh Linh Nguyen, the Asian Institute of Technology, Chiang Mai Municipality and the Hue Centre for International Cooperation, 2014</ref> Research by the [[Climate and Development Knowledge Network]] has identified traditional 'garden houses' as having the potential to increase tourist traffic and revenue. Apart from the environmental, economic and cultural benefits provided by garden houses, their promotion could pave the way for other low carbon development initiatives.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2014/05/report-advancing-green-growth-in-the-tourism-sector%E2%80%A8-the-case-of-hue-vietnam/ Advancing green growth in the tourism sector: The case of Hue, Vietnam] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714165655/http://cdkn.org/2014/05/report-advancing-green-growth-in-the-tourism-sector%E2%80%A8-the-case-of-hue-vietnam/ |date=14 July 2014 }}, Kyoko Kusakabe, Pujan Shrestha, S. Kumar and Khanh Linh Nguyen, the [[Climate and Development Knowledge Network]], 2014</ref>