Editing Hortense de Beauharnais (section)

==Later years==
[[File:Josephine-accueil-tsar-alexandre-1er.jpg|thumb|Hortense with her family and [[Alexander I of Russia]] at [[Château de Malmaison]]]]
[[Image:Labhardt2.JPG|thumb|Arenenberg]]
At the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] in 1814, Hortense received the protection of [[Alexander I of Russia]]. At his instigation, [[Louis XVIII]] granted her the title of Duchess of [[Saint-Leu-la-Forêt|Saint-Leu]] (duchesse de Saint-Leu) on 30 May 1814.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} During the [[Hundred Days]], however, Hortense supported her stepfather and brother-in-law Napoléon. In turn, Louis XVIII banished Hortense from France after Napoleon’s final defeat. She left Paris on 17 July 1815.<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Graaf |first=Beatrice |title=Tegen de terreur: Hoe Europa veilig werd na Napoleon |date=2018 |page=179 |publisher=Prometheus |isbn=978-9-03514-458-3 |language=nl}}</ref>

During her banishment, Hortense began to focus on writing her memoirs, composing and publishing her musical works, drawing, and painting.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baldassarre|first=A.|date=1998|title=Music, Painting, and Domestic Life: Hortense de Beauharnais in Arenenberg.|journal=Music in Art|volume=(23)1/2|pages=49–61|via=www.jstor.org/stable/41561903}}</ref> Her home became a center for French art and culture. Established artists, composers, and writers were all fascinated by the banished queen in Switzerland.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}

Despite residing in [[Switzerland]], Hortense remained involved in her sons’ lives. When one of her sons, Napoleon-Louis (Louis II of Holland), died in the Italian revolt against Austrian rule, she and her youngest son Louis-Napoleon escaped to France in April 1831.<ref name="Smith, 2007; p. 105">Smith, 2007; p. 105</ref> They reached Paris later that month, where Hortense discreetly contacted the new King of the French [[Louis-Philippe]] asking for passports so that she and her son could travel on to England. Louis-Philippe received her warmly at the [[Tuileries Palace]] and agreed to secure the passports.<ref>du Camp, 1949; p. 24-25</ref> He told her that, for the time being, the Law of Exile against the Bonapartes would be upheld, assuring her that "the time is not too distant that there will be no more exiles."<ref name="Smith, 2007; p. 105"/> According to [[Maxime du Camp]], who had access to official dossiers, during his mothers' interview with the king, Louis-Napoleon was observed by authorities meeting with a group of conspirators who were planning to stage a coup to overthrow Louis-Philippe and bring [[Napoleon II]] to power.<ref>{{cite book| title=Souvenirs d'un Demi-Siècle: Au Temps de Louis-Philippe et de Napoléon III 1830-1870| author=Maxime du Camp| publisher=Hachette| year=1949| language=French| pages=24–29}}</ref> Hortense and her son were both implicated in the scheme. To further complicate the situation, rumor of Hortense's presence in Paris began to spread, and on 5 May a crowd of Bonapartists came to demonstrate outside her hotel on [[Place Vendôme]], shouting "Vive l'Empereur". The new Orléanist government ordered Hortense and her son to leave France the next day.<ref>Smith, 2007; p. 106</ref>

She traveled in [[Germany]] and [[Italy]] before she purchased the [[Arenenberg|Château Arenenberg]] in the Swiss canton of Thurgau in 1817. She lived there until she died of cancer on 5 October 1837, at the age of fifty-four. She is buried next to her mother Joséphine in the Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church in Rueil-Malmaison. After her death, her remaining legitimate son, Charles-Louis Napoleon, returned to Paris, where he became Emperor Napoleon III.

A portrait of Hortense hangs at James Monroe’s [[Highland (James Monroe house)|Highland]], the Virginia plantation home of [[James Monroe]], fifth President of the United States. It was one of three portraits Hortense gave to Monroe's daughter Eliza, with whom she attended school in France. (The other two portraits are of Hortense's brother Eugène de Beauharnais and of Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, the headmistress of the school Hortense and Eliza attended.) Eliza named her daughter, Hortensia Monroe Hay, in honour of her Godmother Hortense.<ref name="Hollingsworth">{{cite book |last1=Hollingsworth Wharton |first1=Anne |title=Social Life in the Early Republic |url=https://archive.org/details/sociallifeinearl0000anne |url-access=limited |date=1903 |publisher=Lippincott |page=[https://archive.org/details/sociallifeinearl0000anne/page/190 190]}}</ref>