Editing Ho Chi Minh City (section)

===Nguyễn dynasty rule===
[[File:Map of Saigon 1795 Jean-Marie Dayot.jpg|thumb|''[[Citadel of Saigon|Thành Bát Quái]]'' (Citadel of Eight [[Bagua|Trigrams]]) or ''Thành Quy'' (Citadel of Tortoise) in 1795.]]

[[File:Ban Do Gia Dinh 1815 Tran Van Hoc v2.png|thumb|left|225px|Map of Gia Định in 1815]]

In 1679, Lord [[Nguyễn Phúc Tần]] allowed a group of Chinese refugees from the [[Qing dynasty]] to settle in [[My Tho|Mỹ Tho]], [[Bien Hoa|Biên Hòa]] and Saigon to seek refuge. In 1698, [[Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh]], a Vietnamese noble, was sent by the Nguyễn rulers of [[Huế]] by sea to establish Vietnamese administrative structures in the area, thus detaching the area from Cambodia, which was not strong enough to intervene. He is often credited with the expansion of Saigon into a significant settlement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chúa Nguyễn cử thống suất Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh vào Nam kinh lược |url=http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/lich_su_van_hoa/lich_su/cong_cuoc_khai_duong_mo_loi/chua_nguyen_cu_thong_suat_nguyen_huu_canh_vao_nam_kinh_luoc?left_menu=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518155404/http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/left/gioi_thieu/lich_su_van_hoa/lich_su/cong_cuoc_khai_duong_mo_loi/chua_nguyen_cu_thong_suat_nguyen_huu_canh_vao_nam_kinh_luoc?left_menu=1 |archive-date=2007-05-18 |access-date=2021-05-19 |website=HCM CityWeb |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Harms |first=Erik |title=Saigon's Edge: On the Margins of Ho Chi Minh City |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8166-5605-9 |location=Minnesota |page=11}}</ref> King [[Chey Chettha IV]] of Cambodia tried to stop the Vietnamese but was defeated by Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh in 1700. In February 1700, he invaded Cambodia from [[An Giang]]. In March, the Vietnamese expedition under Cảnh and a Chinese general [[Trần Thượng Xuyên]] (Chen Shangchuan) defeated the main Cambodian army at Bích Đôi citadel, king Chey Chettha IV took flight while his nephew [[Ang Em]] surrendered to the invaders, as the Vietnamese marched onto and captured Cambodia's capital [[Phnom Penh]].<ref name=Song23/> As a result, Saigon and [[Long An]] were officially and securely obtained by the Nguyễn, more Vietnamese settlers moved into the new conquered lands.<ref name=Song23>Song, Jeong Nam, Sự mở rộng lãnh thổ Đại Việt dưới thời Hậu Lê và tính chất, [[Korean University of Foreign Studies]], [[Seoul]], 2010, p.23</ref>

In 1788, [[Gia Long|Nguyễn Ánh]] captured the city, and used it as a centre of resistance against Tây Sơn.<ref>{{Harvnb|Vo|2011|p=36}}</ref> Two years later, a large [[Vauban]] citadel called [[Citadel of Saigon|Gia Định]], or ''Thành Bát Quái'' ("Eight Diagrams") was built by Victor [[Olivier de Puymanel]], one of the [[French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh|Nguyễn Ánh's French mercenaries]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=McLeod |first=Mark W. |title=The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862–1874 |publisher=Praeger |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-275-93562-7 |location=New York |page=10}}</ref> The citadel was captured by [[Lê Văn Khôi]] during [[Lê Văn Khôi revolt|his revolt]] of 1833–35 against Emperor [[Minh Mạng]]. Following the revolt, Minh Mạng ordered it to be dismantled, and a new citadel, called ''Phụng Thành'', was built in 1836.<ref name=":2">{{Harvnb|Vo|2011|p=56}}</ref> In 1859, the citadel was destroyed by the French following the [[Battle of Ky Hoa|Battle of Kỳ Hòa]].<ref name=":2" /> Initially called Gia Định, the Vietnamese city became Saigon in the 18th century.<ref name="HistDict2" />