Editing Ho Chi Minh (section)

==Political education in France==
[[File:Thẻ căn cước Nguyễn Ái Quấc (阮愛國) - Ngày bốn tháng chín năm 1919.jpg|thumb|Nguyễn Ái Quốc's identity card issued by the French government in 1919]]
[[File:Nguyen Aïn Nuä'C (Ho-Chi-Minh), délégué indochinois, Congrès communiste de Marseille, 1921, Meurisse, BNF Gallica.jpg|thumb|upright|Hồ Chí Minh, 1921, using the pseudonym ''{{lang|vi|Nguyễn Ái Quốc|italic=no}}'', attending a Communist congress in Marseille, France.]]
From 1919 to 1923, Thành (Hồ) began to show an interest in politics while living in France, being influenced by his friend and [[French Section of the Workers' International]] comrade [[Marcel Cachin]]. Thành claimed to have arrived in Paris from London in 1917, but the French police had only documents recording his arrival in June 1919.{{sfn|Quinn-Judge|2002|p=20}} When he arrived, he met a scholar named [[Phan Châu Trinh]] as well as his friend [[Phan Văn Trường]].{{sfn|Brocheux|2007|p=11}} In Paris he joined the ''Groupe des Patriotes Annamites'' (The Group of Vietnamese Patriots) that included Phan Chu Trinh, Phan Văn Trường, {{ill|Nguyễn Thế Truyền|vi}} and [[Nguyễn An Ninh]].<ref>Gisele Bousquet, ''Behind the Bamboo Hedge: The Impact of Homeland Politics in Parisian Vietnamese Community'', University of Michigan Press, pp. 47–48</ref> They had been publishing newspaper articles advocating for Vietnamese independence under the pseudonym Nguyễn Ái Quốc ("Nguyễn the Patriot") prior to Thành's arrival in Paris.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vietquoc.com/hcm-04.htm |title=Unmasking Ho Chi Minh |last1=Phong |first1=Huy |last2=Anh |first2=Yen |year=1989 |website=Viet Quoc |access-date=11 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510160521/http://www.vietquoc.com/hcm-04.htm |archive-date=10 May 2015 }}</ref> The group petitioned for recognition of the [[civil rights]] of the Vietnamese people in French Indochina to the Western powers at the [[Versailles peace talks]], but they were ignored. Citing the principle of [[self-determination]] outlined before the peace accords, they requested the allied powers to end French colonial rule of Vietnam and ensure the formation of an independent government.

Before the conference, the group sent their letter to allied leaders, including French Prime Minister [[Georges Clemenceau]] and [[United States]] President [[Woodrow Wilson]]. They were unable to obtain consideration at [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]], but the episode would later help establish the future Hồ Chí Minh as the symbolic leader of the [[anti-colonial]] movement at home in Vietnam.<ref>Huynh, Kim Kháhn, ''Vietnamese Communism, 1925–1945''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982; p. 60.<!-- ISBN ?? --></ref> Since Thành was the public face behind the publication of the document (although it was written by Phan Văn Trường),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tran Dan |first1=Tien |title=Ho Chi Minh, Life and Work|url=http://dangcongsan.vn/CPV/Modules/News_English/News_Detail_E.aspx?CN_ID=150876&CO_ID=30034 |website=Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper |publisher=Gioi Publishers |access-date=17 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617060828/http://dangcongsan.vn/cpv/Modules/News_English/News_Detail_E.aspx?CN_ID=150876&CO_ID=30034 |archive-date=17 June 2015}}</ref> he soon became known as Nguyễn Ái Quốc, and first used the name in September during an interview with a Chinese newspaper correspondent.<ref name=Duiker/> Many authors have stated that 1919 was a lost "Wilsonian moment", where the future Hồ Chí Minh could have adopted a pro-American and less radical position if only President Wilson had received him. However, at the time of the Versailles Conference, Hồ Chí Minh was committed to a socialist program. While the conference was ongoing, Nguyễn Ái Quốc was already delivering speeches on the prospects of [[Bolshevism]] in Asia and was attempting to persuade French socialists to join [[Lenin]]'s [[Communist International]].<ref>Brett Reilly, review of ''Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America's Vietnam'' by Fredrik Logevall, ''Journal of Vietnamese Studies'' 11.1 (2016), 147.r</ref> Upon hearing of the October 1920 death of [[Irish republicanism|Irish republican]] hunger striker (and Lord Mayor of Cork) [[Terence MacSwiney]], Quốc (Hồ) was said to have burst into tears and said “a country with a citizen like this will never surrender”.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dwyer |first=Ryle |date=13 August 2019 |title=Death of MacSwiney had enormous significance as prisoners hunger strike drew global coverage |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/arid-30943591.html |work=Irish Examiner |location= |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Nguyễn Tất Thành (阮必誠) security report by the Government-General of French Indo-China (năm 1920).jpg|thumb|left|A 1920 security report by the French Indochinese government on Nguyễn Tất Thành listing his aliases, places of residence, his father's occupation, as well as other information.]]
In December 1920, Quốc (Hồ) became a representative to the [[Congress of Tours]] of the French Section of the Workers' International, voted for the [[Third International]], and was a founding member of the French Communist Party. Taking a position in the Colonial Committee of the party, he tried to draw his comrades' attention towards people in French colonies including Indochina, but his efforts were often unsuccessful. While living in Paris, he reportedly had a relationship with a dressmaker named Marie Brière. As a French police document discovered in 2018, Quốc also had relations with the members of [[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]] like [[Kim Kyu-sik]], [[Jo So-ang]] while in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20180929039500081|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123007/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20180929039500081|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 December 2018|title=호찌민 감시 佛 경찰문건 대거발굴…한국 임시정부 활약상 생생|date=15 December 2018}}</ref>

During this period, he began to write journal articles and short stories as well as run his Vietnamese nationalist group. In May 1922, he wrote an article for a French magazine criticizing the use of English words by French sportswriters.{{sfn|Brocheux|2007|p=21}} The article implored Prime Minister [[Raymond Poincaré]] to outlaw such [[Franglais]] as ''le manager'', ''le round'' and ''le knock-out''. His articles and speeches caught the attention of [[Dmitry Manuilsky]], who would soon sponsor his trip to the Soviet Union and under whose tutelage he would become a high-ranking member of the Soviet Comintern.{{sfn|Tôn Thất Thiện|1990|pp=23–24}}